Chapter hvac engineering Fundamentals: Part 1 Introduction



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HVAC HANDBOOK

18.4
Thermal Convection
Thermal convection refers to heat transfer by eddy mixing and diffu-
sion, as in a flowing airstream. In the typical airstream heating or
cooling process, heat transfer takes place as a result of mixing with,
and diffusion through, the air in the conditioned space. The final
transfer is by conduction between air particles. Convection may be
natural or free convection, due to differences in density, or it may be
forced by mechanical means such as fans or pumps.
An HVAC process illustrating almost pure convective heat transfer
is the mixing of two airstreams such as return air and outside air. If
complete mixing takes place, the mixed airstream has a temperature
(and humidity) resulting from a weighed average of the properties and
masses of the two original air-streams. This is a result of convective
eddy mixing and diffusion plus conductive heat transfer between par-
ticles.
A major HVAC application involving a combination of convection
and conduction is heat exchange between two fluids such as refriger-
ant, water, steam, brine, and air, in many combinations. In general,
the two fluids are separated by a barrier, usually the wall of a tube or
pipe. Typical examples are the shell-and-tube heat exchanger (see Fig.
Engineering Fundamentals: Part 3
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