Chapter hvac engineering Fundamentals: Part 1 Introduction


Absorption refrigeration cycle



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HVAC HANDBOOK

9.2.2
Absorption refrigeration cycle
An absorption refrigeration cycle involves a refrigerant-absorbent pair,
where the refrigerant is moved from the low-pressure evaporator re-
gion to the high-pressure condensing region as an ‘‘absorbed’’ gas on
the back of the absorbent. Common refrigerant-absorbent pairs in-
clude ammonia-water and water–lithium bromide. In each case there
is a strong affinity of each compound for the other. Energy is given up
in the absorption process and energy is required to separate the pair.
As in vapor compression refrigeration, the beneficial cooling effect is
obtained from evaporation of the refrigerant in the low-pressure re-
gion of the system.
Figure 9.3 is a schematic diagram of a two-shell lithium bromide
water chiller using steam as the heat source. The saturated ‘‘strong’’
solution in the generator is heated to drive off water in vapor form.
The resulting unsaturated ‘‘weak’’ solution flows by gravity to the ab-
sorber, where the solution absorbs water vapor from the evaporator
and is then pumped back to the generator. The water driven off in the
generator is condensed in the condenser, flows by gravity to the evap-
orator and is evaporated there, with the heat of vaporization being
extracted from the chilled water. The condensing water is used first to
cool the solution in the absorber and then to condense the refrigerant
water. The evaporation and regeneration processes also create a pres-
sure differential between the upper and lower shell, and restrictors
Equipment: Part 1
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