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Central plant control systems
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| Bog'liq HVAC HANDBOOK
8.5.6
Central plant control systems
Plant control systems range from simple on/off switches for residential-
scale equipment to elaborate computer-based
building automation
systems
(BAS) to
supervisory control and data acquisition
(SCADA)
systems for large institutional plants.
䡲
Steam boilers
are usually controlled by system steam pressure. A
pressure sensor feeds a signal back to the boiler fuel control system.
There are safety overrides to defend against firing beyond the op-
erating condition. Water is fed to the boiler in response to a water-
level sensor on the upper steam drum. Multiple boilers firing to-
gether may be modulated in common, or one boiler (or more) may
be set at a fixed rate with another boiler modulating with load var-
iations. Controls for water level at the deaerator and at the
storage / transfer tank are usually self-contained. System pumps
may be manually or automatically engaged. Much of the function of
an automation system is related to data gathering and report gen-
eration.
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Water heating boilers
are controlled from leaving hot water supply
temperature. While boilers are best kept at a consistent tempera-
ture, the water supply temperature to the system may be controlled
by blending return water with the heated primary supply water.
Pumps and boilers may be turned on to match the load. As with
steam, an automation system may have some control algorithms,
but will offer value in data acquisition and report generation.
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Water chillers
typically have a factory-designed, self-contained con-
trol system where the unit can be turned on or off by an operator
at the local panel or from a remote interfaced control panel. The
chiller control panel will allow local or remote definition of the
chilled water temperature set point. In remote control, reset of the
control point based on load or outside-air conditioning is possible.
Again, an automated system can provide data acquisition and report
generation over and above the basic system control functions.
One aspect of chilled water system control which has been im-
proved through DDC technology is the condensing water tempera-
ture control. A common control sequence for water temperature from
Design Procedures: Part 6
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