Chapter hvac engineering Fundamentals: Part 1 Introduction



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HVAC HANDBOOK

8.3.3.2
Air control dampers.
Most control dampers are of the parallel
or opposed multiblade type, square or rectangular (Fig. 8.35), although
single-blade round dampers are also used. In parallel-blade dampers,
Design Procedures: Part 6
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.


Design Procedures: Part 6
253
Figure 8.36
Parallel-blade damper flow characteristics.
all blades rotate in the same direction. In opposed-blade dampers, con-
tiguous blades rotate in opposite directions. This results in different
control characteristics, as shown in Figs. 8.36 and 8.37. Note that to
approach ‘‘linear’’ response, the parallel-blade damper must have a
wide-open pressure drop of 30 to 50 percent of the total system pres-
sure loss, while the opposed-blade damper can do the same at 15 to
20 percent. Because the total air system pressure drops without damp-
ers are often in the range of 2 to 3 in H
2
O or higher, very few dampers
are actually sized to provide good control. A typical multiblade damper
will have a wide-open pressure drop of about 0.1 in H
2
O at 1000 ft /
min (thus 0.4 in H
2
O at 2000 ft / min, 0.9 in at 3000 ft / min, etc.). Be-
cause typical duct air velocities range from 1000 to 2000 ft / min, a
properly selected control damper could be much smaller than the duct.
If a blank-off plate is used to accommodate the smaller damper, there
will be turbulent losses due to the orifice effect, which may be greater
than the effect of the damper. Ideally, then, the duct size reduction
and increase should be gradual, as in a venturi (Sec. 8.3.1.4), although
the available space may not allow this.
For two-position operation, parallel-blade dampers are preferred,
because they are less expensive than the opposed-blade type.
For use in outside air, and relief and exhaust-air openings, low-
leakage dampers with durable-blade seals and spring-loaded side
seals are preferred to minimize the possibility of freezing coils.
Design Procedures: Part 6
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.



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