Chapter hvac engineering Fundamentals: Part 1 Introduction



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HVAC HANDBOOK

6.6.2
Pipe fittings
Pipe fittings include elbows, tees, wyes, couplings, unions, reducers,
plugs, caps, and bushings. Elbows may be 45

, 90

, or even 180

, re-
Design Procedures: Part 4
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Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.
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Design Procedures: Part 4
161
ducing or nonreducing, with short or long radius. Tees and wyes may
also be reducing types. Special fittings are available to prevent elec-
trolytic corrosion when dissimilar piping materials are joined. A stan-
dard manufacturer’s catalog can be consulted for dimensions and
types of fittings.
6.6.3
Joining methods
Steel pipe joints may be welded, threaded, grooved, or flanged. Weld-
ing is typical on piping 3 in in diameter and larger and should be done
in accordance with ASME power piping standards,
3
using certified
welders. The grooved joint is made by using a gasketed clamp which
locks into grooves cut or rolled near the end of the pipe section or
fitting. Gasket materials must be suitable for the temperature, pres-
sure, and the nature of the fluid handled.
Copper pipe joints may be brazed, threaded, grooved, or flanged.
Copper tubing is joined by soldering or brazing or by the use of com-
pression or grooved fittings.
FRP and PVC piping are usually joined by use of solvent cement.
Flanged joints are also employed. Some other plastics are joined by
heat fusion.
All piping systems must be provided with unions (screwed or
flanged) at connections to equipment and valves.

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