Chapter 1 Introduction: intelligent vehicular communications

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CHAPTER 1 
INTRODUCTION: INTELLIGENT VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS
1.4.6
 WIMAX
WiMAX is based on the IEEE 802.16 standard. The ultimate goal of WiMAX technology is to provide 
seamless wireless access over extensive distance via multiple means, from point-to-point to mobile-
centric access. The mobile-centric WiMAX is defined as IEEE 802.16e, which supports predominant 
mobility as per consumer requirements. This technology offers portable and high-speed connectivity, 
and WiMAX can be used with cellular setups as a layover to increase the capacity of a particular net-
work. Hence, WiMAX can be effectively utilized for V2I or I2I communications, and it also provides 
long-range communications, which can be used for various applications.
1.4.7
5G/MILLIMETER-WAVE (MMWAVE) TECHNOLOGY
The 5G/MMWAVE is a next-generation technology that operates between 60 and 64 GHz, a band that 
can support direct V2V communication. There are various other features involved in this technology 
because it is less affected by weather and also supports non-line-of-sight communication for long-dis-
tance communication. In addition to that, MMWAVE supports smaller antenna sizes that can easily be 
integrated in a vehicle in an ITS environment. Hence, this technology is best suited for high data rates. 
Therefore, the above-mentioned communication technologies would be beneficial in different aspects 
or different modes of communication in the ITS environment.
1.5
CONCLUDING STATEMENT
Vehicular technologies commonly apply to car safety systems that have self-contained autonomous 
electromechanical sensors generating warnings that can be transmitted within a specified target area 
of interest, for example, within 100 m of the transceiver. In ground applications, intelligent vehicle 
technologies are utilized for safety and commercial communications between vehicles or between a 
vehicle and a sensor along the road. Various innovative paths for observing, monitoring, and managing 
transportation systems are discussed in this chapter, along with the available technologies to implement 
them.

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