Can modal fe’li ish-harakatning bajarilish imkoniyati yoki qobiliyatini bildiradi. Can

Agar kishi o’z hissiyoti, fikriga tayanib emas, aniq dalilga yoki belgilangan qoidaga asoslanib ish harakatning bajarilishi zarurligini ifodalasa have to ishlatiladi:
Olim’s eyes are not very good. He has to wear glasses for reading. I can’t meet you on Friday. I have to be at work.
Mustn’t bir ish-harakatning bajarilmasligi zarurligini bildiradi:
You mustn’t tell my father where I am. He will kill me. Students mustn’t wear sunglasses in class.
Don’t have to esa ish-harakatning bajarilishi zarur emasligi, shart emasligini, bajarmasa ham bo’laverishini bildiradi:
You don’t have to tell my father where I am. He knows where I am. I don’t have to wear a tie to work but I usually do.
Must modal fe’li ko’chirma gapda zaruriyatni, shartni ifodalagan bo’lsa, muallif gapi o’tgan zamonda bo’lsa, o’zlashtirma gapga had to ga o’zgarib o’tadi. Buyruq yoki maslahatni bildirgan bo’lsa, muallif gapi o’tgan zamonda bo’lsa ham o’zlashtirma gapga o’zgarishsiz o’tadi:
She said, “I must send him a telegram at once.” – She said that she had to send him a telegram at once.
He said to her, “You must consult a doctor” –XX He said to me, “You must post the letter at once.”
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Must ning yana bir ekvivalenti BE TO bo’lib, oldindan rejalashtirilgan, avvaldan kelishilgan ish-harakatning zaruriyatini ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi, ko’pincha aniq vaqt bilan keladi. am to, is to, are to hozirgi yoki kelasi zamonni bildiradi:
He is to visit you tomorrow. We are to meet at 8.
Was to, were to be to ning o’tgan zamon shakllari bo’lib, oddiy shakldagi fe’l oldidan ishlatilganda o’tgan zamondagi oldindan rejalashtirilgan bajarilgan yoki bajarilmagan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi:
I was to meet him at the station at 7, but I forgot.
I was to meet him at the station at 7, so I got up early.
Was to, were to + Perfect kelsa o’tgan zamonga tegishli oldindan kelishilgan yoki rejalashtirilgan, ammo bajarilmagan ish-harakatni bildiradi:
I was to have met him at the station at 7.
You were to have learnt these grammar rules yesterday.
Ought to, should modal fe’llari ish-harakatning bajarilish zaruriyatini maslahat yoki burch tarzida ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi.

1. 
   ought to yoki should dan keyin oddiy shakldagi fe’l kelsa, hozirgi yoki kelasi zamonga tegishli maslahat yoki burchni bildiradi: You should stop smoking. The government should do something about the unemployment. You should visit your parents twice a week.
   
2. 
   Should + o.sh.f. so’zlovchi bajarilishi to’g’ri deb bilgan yoki noto’g’ri deb bilgan ish-harakatni ham bildiradi: These children shouldn’t be playing here. They should be at school.
   
3. 
   ought to yoki should dan keyin Perfect shakl kelsa, o’tgan zamonga tegishli bo’ladi va nazarda tutilayotgan shaxsning burchini bajarmaganligi tushuniladi. O’sha shaxsga nisbatan kinoya, pichingni bildiradi: Why didn’t you help your friend? You should have helped him. --- I’m feeling bad. I shouldn’t have eaten so much chocolate.
   

Need modal fe’li ish-harakatning bajarilish zaruriyatini bildiradi, ammo faqat so’roq va inkor gaplarda ishlatiladi.

1. 
   need oddiy shakldagi fe’l oldidan ishlatilganda hozirgi yoki kelasi zamonga tegishli zaruriyatni bildiradi: We have got plenty of time. You needn’t hurry. --- so’roq berilganda tasdiq javob berishda must yordamga keladi: Need he come so early? – No, he needn’t. Yes, he must.
   
2. 
   Needn’t + Perfect shakl o’tgan zamonda bajarilishi shart bo’lmagan, ammo bilmay bajarilgan ish-harakatni bildiradi: I needn’t have hurried to the concert yesterday. It was cancelled.
   
3. 
   Need mustaqil fe’l sifatida ham ishlatiladi:
   

Need ning mustaqil fe’l shakli muhtoj bo’lmoq, kerak deb tarjima qilinadi, modal shaklidan farqi, undan keyin ma’noli fe’l kelishi shart emas, o’zi gapda kesim bo’la oladi, agar boshqa fe’l ishlatiladigan bo’lsa, neeed + to + fe’l yoki need +fe’l + ing shaklida keladi, inkor shakli faqat do yordamida yasaladi, modal fe’l bo’lganida esa, so’roq va inkor shakllarini o’zi yasaydi. Ma’noli fe’l bo’lganida tasdiq gapda ham ishlatiladi, kelasi zamoni will, shall bilan ishlatiladi:
I need a rest. We have got plenty of time. You don’t need to hurry.
Does he need to come so early? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. Will he need to come so early? Yes, he will. No, he won’t.

4. 
   inkor shaklidagi modal fe’l needn’t ning ma’nosi bilan mustaqil fe’l don’t need ning ma’nosi teng.
   
5. 
   Ammo inkor shaklning o’tgan zamonida modal needn’t have bilan mustaqil fe’l didn’t need bir-biridan farq qiladi:
   

1.