|
needn’t have ish-harakatni bajarish shart emasligi bajarib bo’lgandan keyin aniq bo’lganda ishlatiladi: I needn’t have gone to work but I forgot it was Sunday. --- I needn’t have bought any eggs. I didn’t know there was plenty at home.
Didn’t need esa ish-harakatni bajarish shart emasligi bajarmasdan oldin ma’lum bo’lganda ishlatiladi: I
I didn’t need to go to work because it was Sunday. --- I didn’t need to buy any eggs. I knew there was plenty at home.
MAY modal fe’li o’tgan zamon shakli might bo’lib, ijozat va ehtimollikni bildiradi:
May I come in? He may recognize you.
may dan keyin oddiy shakldagi fe’l kelganda ijozatni ifodalaydi va hoz yoki kelasi zamonga tegishli bo’ladi: May I smoke here? – Yes, you may. No, you mustn’t.
may ijozatni bildirganda uning o’tgan zamoni might dan ko’ra ko’proq was (were) allowed to, was (were) permitted to bilan ishlatiladi, kelasi zamonni ham aniq ifodalash uchun ishlatilishi mumkin: He was allowed to visit his sick father when he was in prison. You will be allowed to see him tomorrow at 6.
may dan keyin oddiy shakldagi fe’l kelganda ehtimollikni ham ifodalaydi va hoz yoki kelasi zamonga tegishli bo’ladi. May bildirgan ehtimollik noaniq, sof taxmin bo’lib, bunda so’zlovchi ochiqdan-ochiq taxmin qiladi, o’tgan zamoni might bilan yasaladi: Where is your brother? – I don’t know. He may be in the garage./ I’m not sure but I may go to Italy for my holidays.
May + be + fe’l + ing bo’lsa, hozirgi yoki kelasi zamonga tegishli davomli zamondagi ehtimollikni bildiradi: Have you seen Olim today? – No, I haven’t. He may be preparing for his exams at home now. Where was Olim at that time? – He might be reading a book at home at that moment.
Ehtimollikni bildirganda kelasi va hozirgi zamonni ifodalash uchun may bilan birga ba’zan might ham ishlatilaveradi: Take an umbrella with you when you go out. It might (may) rain later.
May dan keyin Perfect shakl bo’lsa, o’tgan zamonga tegishli ehtimollikni bildiradi: I can’t find my keys, I may have forgotten them at home. ----------- Matn o’tgan zamonda bo’lsa, might + Perfect shakl ishlatiladi: I couldn’t find my keys. I might have forgotten them at home. --- Ammo mazmunan may have= might have ga teng.
May gap boshida ishlatilganda duo qilish yoki olqishni bildiradi: May God bless you. May long live independent Uzbekistan.
Can, could may ning iltimos, taklif, ijozat ma’nolarida ishlatilishi:
Biror ish qilish so’ralganda can yoki could ishlatiladi: Can (Could) you wait a moment, please? --- Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the airport? --- Liz, can you do me a favour? --- I wonder if you could help me. --- Do you think bilan boshlangan gapda odatda could ishlatiladi: Do you think you could lend me some money until next week?
Ammo kamdan-kam hollarda biror ish qilish so’ralganda will yoki would ham ishlatiladi: Liz, will you do me a favour? --- Would you please be quiet? I’m trying to concentrate.
Biror narsa so’ralganda: a) magazine, do’konda can: Can you show me this toy, please? --- b) ovqat paytida, dasturxon atrofida could: Could I have the salt, please? C) yuqoridagi vaziyatlarda kamdan kam hollarda may ham ishlatilishi mumkin: May I have this toy, please?
Biror ish qilishga ijozat berganda may yoki could ishlatiladi: May I come in? – yes, please do. --- Could I use your phone? – Yes, of course. ---- ammo telefonga chaqirishni so’raganda can: Hello, can I speak to John, please?
Ijozat berishda may yoki can: You may use the phone = You can use the phone (hozirda ijozat berishda ko’pincha can ishlatilib, may rasmiy holatda foydalaniladi): You can smoke if you like.
Oldindan qonun bo’yicha ijozat etilgan youki ma’n etilgan narsa aytilganda ca va can’t ishlatiladi: You can drive for a year in Britain with an international licence. If you are under 17, you can’t drive a car in Britain.
O’z xizmatini taklif qilganda ko’pincha Can I…?: Can I get you a cup of coffee? --- Can I help you? – No, it’s all right. I can manage. Bu vaziyatda would you like…? ham ishlatiladi: Would you like a cup of coffee? Yes, please. --- Would you like to come to dinner tomorrow evening? – Yes, I’d love to.
O’z hohishingizni ifodalashning muloyim yo’li I would like: I would like some information about hotels, please. I’d like to try on this jacket, please.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
