Can, may, must, ought to, should, need

Couldn’t have done

Xohlaganda qilishi mumkin bo’lmagan o’tgan zamon ish-harakat uchun:

• 
  The film was realized only last week. You couldn’t have watched it last week.
  
• 
  The match was cancelled yesterday Tom couldn’t have played anyway because he was ill.
  

Note!! Couldn’t V₁ ushbu qoidani hozirgi zamoni sanaladi.

• 
  I couldn’t live in a big city
  

3. 
   Could have done – o’tgan zamon taxminlar uchun: ( may/might have done )
   

• 
  I clocked at the door but the nobody answered
  
• 
  They could have gone out
  

• 
  Can bilan tinglovchidan (you) iltiomoslar:
  
  • 
    Can you open the door?
    

• 
  Could muloyimroq ohang uchun:
  
  • 
    Could you open the door?
    
• 
  Qat’iy birikmalar:
  
  • 
    How can I get to the nearest bus stop?
    
  • 
    You must go straight and turn to the right
    
  • 
    What can I do for you?
    
  • 
    Can I help you?
    

May

• 
  Ruxsatni ko’rsatadi:
  
  • 
    You may take my dictionary
    

• 
  Might odatda o’zlashtirma va If li gaplarda may ning o’tgan zamoni sifatida ishlatiladi:
  
  • 
    He said that Tom might take his dictionary.
    

To be allowed to = to be permitted to

1. 
   Hozirgi zamonda may ning o’rnida ishlatiladi. Farqi quydagicha:
   
   • 
     May I use your phone? ( tinglovchidan ruxsat so’rash )
     
   • 
     Are we allowed to use the post-office phone? (qonun, qoida va tartibni so’rash)
     

2. 
   O’tgan zamonda was/were allowed to, could doimiy ruxsatni, bir martalik ruxsatni esa was/were allowed to ko’rsatadi:
   
   • 
     I could/was allowed to go to parties when I was a young
     
   • 
     I was allowed to go to John’s party last night
     
   • 
     We were allowed to do our homework until 7 o’clock
     

• 
  Can/to be allowed to qonun yoki tartiblarni ko’rsatishda ishlatiladi.
  

3. 
   Can/may ruxsat so’rash va berishda: (can – informal / may – formal )
   
   • 
     You can take my pen
     
   • 
     You may make a phone call here
     

4. 
   Could / might ruxsat berishda ishlatilmaydi:
   
   • 
     Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, you can
     

Can’t, mustn’t, may not (formal) - taqiqlash

• 
  I am sorry but you can’t/mustn’t use the fax
  
• 
  The costumers may not enter the office
  

5. 
   Might and may as well
   

Asosiy rejadagi ish-harakatni bajarish imkoniyati qolmaganda ikkinchi variantdagi ish-harakatni bajarishni ko’rsatishda ishlatiladi.

• 
  What time are you going out?
  

Well, I am ready. I might as well go now

• 
  The buses are so expensive these days. You may as well get a taxi