Cambridge ielts 1-15 series reading answers explained

30. Answer: A
Key words: insights, development, fairy tales
It is stated in the last sentence of paragraph 2 that: “Now Tehrani has found a way to test these ideas, 
borrowing a technique from evolutionary biologists”. What Tehrani wants to discover is how fairy 
tales have “evolved” and “survived”, using the same methods of „phylogenetic analysis‟ used by 
biologists (paragraph 3). Therefore, it can be understood that the development or evolution of fairy 
tales can be studied through methods used by biologists. This gives the correct sentence:
Insights 
into the development of fairy tales may be provided through methods used in biological research.

development = evolution (evolve) 

biological research = biologist 
31. Answer: E
Key words: analysed, Tehrani

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510 
Paragraph 4 mentions that Tehrani focused on analysing variants of two fairy tales: 
Little Red Riding 
Hood
and 
The Wolf and The Kids
, and “he ended up with 58 stories recorded from oral traditions”. 
Thus, it can be inferred that these fairy tales were traditionally spoken rather than written. The 
complete sentence is:
All the fairy tales analysed by Tehrani were originally spoken rather than 
written.

analyse = analysis 

spoken = oral 

originally = tradition (traditionally) 

QUESTIONS 32-36: COMPLETE THE SUMMARY USING THE LIST 
OF WORDS, A-L, BELOW. 
32. Answer: D
Key words: techniques, evolutionary biologists, existed, 58 stories
Tehrani‟s use of „phylogenetic analysis‟ can be found from paragraph 3 onwards. This process is used 
by biologists to “work out the evolutionary history, development and relationships among groups of 
organisms…” 
Paragraph 4: “Once his phylogenetic analysis had established that they (the stories) were indeed 
related, he used the same methods to explore how they have developed and altered over time”, 
meaning that the phylogenetic analysis was aimed at testing the relations, or links, among these 58 
stories. Thus, the answer for this question is D – „links‟. 

links = relationships