Cambridge ielts 1-15 series reading answers explained

29. Answer: iii
Explain 
Section C
· Section C is about the history of the science of management, with Frederick Taylor being one of 
the pioneers in the early part of the 20th century. So the only appropriate heading for this would be iii 
– Early recommendations concerning business activities. 
30. Answer: ii
Explain 
Section D
· This section discusses the “misguided” assumptions about efficiency. The emphasis on order has 
led to people‟s efforts to become organised without understanding that organisation does not always 
bring increased productivity. These basic assumptions can be considered “fundamental beliefs that are 
in fact incorrect”. Thus, the answer is ii. 
o Fundamental = basic 
o Incorrect = misguided 
31. Answer: ix
Explain 
Section E
· Section E mentions the term “diminishing returns” of order, which basically means that the 
disadvantages of organising may eventually outweigh the advantages at some point: “if the cost of 
formally structuring something outweighs the benefit of doing it, then that thing ought not to be 
formally structured”. This has been shown in recent studies, so there is evidence behind this. Thus, the 
correct heading is ix – Evidence that a certain approach can have more disadvantages than advantages. 
o Advantages = benefits 
32. Answer: vii
Explain 
Section F
· This section suggests that “the best approach is to create an environment devoid of structure”, 
which “can lead to new solutions that, under conventionally structured environments, would never be 
reached”. This implies that a new approach can achieve outcomes that are impossible under the current 
practice (a conventionally structured environment). The answer is vii. 
33. Answer: iv