Cambridge ielts 1-15 series reading answers explained

Answer: D
18. Answer: B
Explain
an implication that advertising led to the large increase in the use of air conditioning
·
Key words: implication, advertising, increase, air conditioning
· Paragraph B mentions the “widespread introduction of air conditioning systems”, which is the 
result of marketing by their inventors. 
o Advertising = marketing 
o Large = widespread 
· Therefore, it can be paraphrased that advertising led to the large increase in the use of air 
conditioning. 
19. Answer: designs
Explain
Professor Alan Short examined the work of John Shaw Billings, whoinfluenced the architectural … 
of hospitals to ensure they had good ventilation.
·
Key words: Alan Short, examined, John Shaw Billings, influenced, architectural, hospitals, 
ventilation
· The part containing information about John Shaw Billings (JSB) can be found in paragraph D. 
The first sentence mentions that Short‟s book “highlights” the art and science of ventilating buildings, 
including a study of the designs of JSB for a hospital in Baltimore in the 19th century. This suggests 
that in order to publish the book, Short must have had examined JSB‟s work. Later, in the last 
sentence of paragraph E, Short describes JSB‟s designs and other designs of 19th century buildings, 
stating that“up to half the volume of the building was given over to ensuring everyone got fresh air”. 
· Have good ventilation = get fresh air 

---

457 
· Therefore, the answer is “designs”. 
20. Answer: pathogens
Explain
He calculated that … in the air coming from patients suffering from … would not have harmed 
other patients.
·
Key words: calculated, air, patients, suffering, harmed, other patients
· In the last sentence of paragraph D, Short explained his findings: “We put pathogens in the 
airstreams, modeled for someone with tuberculosis … the ventilation systems in the room would have 
kept other patients safe from harm”. So, patients with tuberculosis (TB) would release pathogens in the 
air when they coughed – these minute organisms would harm other patients unless there was good 
ventilation. Short modeled this in his experiment. The answer for 20 is “pathogens”. 
· The purpose of this experiment was to test whether the system could prevent TB pathogens from 
spreading. Therefore, it is clear that answer for question 21 would be “tuberculosis”.