Buletin Al-Turas

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Buletin 
Al-Turas
Vol. 27 No. 1 January 2021, pp. 123-138
| 123
The Distinction of Government Administration and Judicial 
Institutions in The Umayyad Dynasty 
Meirison*
Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol 
Padang, Indonesia 
[e-mail] 
Desmadi Saharuddin 
Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah 
Jakarta, Indonesia 
[e-mail] 
Abstract 
This paper aimed to reveal the government administration system's distinction in finance and 
justice that existed in the Umayyad. The Umayyad had the right side in improving 
government administration, finance, economy, and justice. To what extent was the reform and 
distinction of government administration, finance, and judiciary pursued by the Umayyad that 
led to society's benefit besides the atrocities he had ever made? The researchers conducted a 
library study with a descriptive analysis approach, collected sources, verified, and interpreted the 
policies and updates made by the Umayyad. The study showed the Umayyad had made 
distinctions and reforms that brought about a lot of benefits. Although they seemed the 
duplication of Persian and Roman governments, financial administration policies still referred to 
Islamic rules and were not influenced by Rome and Persia. The most significant reform was 
establishing the Mazalim Court separated from the ordinary judiciary. The perpetrators of this 
crime were not ordinary people but state officials handled directly by the caliph and judges who 
could act reasonably and act decisively. A vast area of neat administration supported the 
economic activity, and along with Islamic law, the Umayyad did not exercise a monopoly. 
However, this government lasted shortly for 90 years (661-750 AD) because of the power 
succession policy, the ruler's lifestyle, fanaticism, and political opponents' attack.