Buchara state university m. Bakoeva, E. Muratova, M. Ochilova english literature

o f the executed king, ascended to the throne in 1660. Charles U’s
reign was follow ed by the brief reign o f his brother James II, who
came to the throne in 1685. The years between 1660 and 1688
are called the “Restoration”.

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By that tim e two main parties had been formed in the
Parliament, one representing the interests o f businessmen, the
other, the interests o fth e landowners and clergy. The two parties
hated each other so much that the insulting nicknames o f “W higs”
for businessmen and “Tories’7 for landowners were invented. Later,
these names came to be used officially.
In 1688 the Parliament worked out the Bill o f Rights, according
to which the royal power, the armed forces, and taxation were
brought under the control o f the Parliament. King James fled to
France, and in 1689 the crown was offered to his daughter Mary
and her husband William o f Holland. These events were called
the “Glorious Revolution”, a revolution without violen ce or
bloodshed. Thus constitutional monarchy was established, which
marked the end o f the whole revolutionary epoch o f the 17,h
century.
The political struggle involving the broad masses o f the English
population led to the publ ication o f pamphlets and laid the foundation
o f journalism and the periodical press. The English people took a
tremendous interest in all the political events o f the time. The
greatest o f all publicists during the Puritan Revolution w as the
poet John Milton. His pamphlets gave theoretical foundation to
the struggle o fth e puritans against the monarchy.
In Elizabeth’s lime verse was the dominant form o f literature.