Branches of linguistics. Synchronic vs diachronic approaches to the language study. Lexicology – ‘the science of the word’ Lexicon

Partially assimilated loan-words:

not assimilated semantically: sheik, sherbet;

not assimilated grammatically: crisis – crises, formula – formulae;

not assimilated phonetically: the final syllable is stressed (machine, cartoon, police); /ʒ/ - beige, prestige, regime; /wα:/ – memoir;

not assimilated graphically: last consonant is not pronounced (ballet, buffet, debut); a diacritic mark (café, cliché); have specific diagraphs (bouquet, brioche).

Non-assimilated (Barbarisms) are words not assimilated in any way and for which there are corresponding English equivalents: It. addio, ciao; Fr. tête-à-tête.
6. Latin borrowings. Features of Latin borrowings. Periods of borrowings from Latin.

Periodisation:

-Early Latin loans, e.g. cup, kettle, dish, plum, butter, wall etc.;

-Later Latin loans (Christianity), e.g. lily, pearl, palm, choir, library, fiddle, peach, marble etc.;

-Latin loans in Middle English (the Norman conquest+the Renaissance), e.g. animal, legal, simile, gesture, spacious, interest etc.;

-The latest Latin influence, e.g. cf., i.e., ib., viz., etc.