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 EXAM FOCUS POINT 
The syllabus Study Guide specifically mentions the work of: 

Adair 

Bennis 

Fiedler 

Heifetz 

Kotter 
Keep in mind that most of the quoted theories are North American in origin, and do not necessarily 
take account of cultural differences in other countries.
BPP Tutor Toolkit Copy

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CHAPTER 11
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LEADING AND MANAGING PEOPLE 
 
315 
 

 
Management
is responsible for using the organisation's resources to meet its goals. It is accountable to 
the owners: shareholders in a business, or government in the public sector. 

 
It is the role of the manager to 
take
responsibility
and 
organise
people
to get things done. This involves 
the use of 
authority
and 
power
and implies a hierarchy in which power is delegated downwards while 
accountability
is rendered upwards. 
Authority is the decision-making discretion given to a manager, while responsibility is the obligation to 
perform duties. Sufficient authority should be granted to permit the efficient discharge of the appointed 
responsibility. Delegation is essential wherever there is a hierarchy of management. Power is the 
ability
to do something whereas authority is the 
right
to do something; expert power is possessed by those 
acknowledged as experts. 

 
Managers have 
key roles
in work planning, resource allocation and project management. 

 
The classical writers on management and organisation were largely concerned with 
efficiency
. 
