Bosh miyaning tuzilishi

depends largely on the type and extent of the mechanical demands

placed on it. According to their external shape, bones are divided into

long, short, flat, and irregular bones. Examples of long bones (pipe bones)

are the bones of the free extremities, with the exception of the wrist and

ankle bones. Long bones are composed of a shaft (diaphysis) and an

epiphysis at each end. During growth, each diaphysis and the corresponding

epiphysis are separated by the so-called epiphyseal cartilage

(epiphyseal plate) (see Fig. 3.10, p. 85). The short bones include the cubeshaped

bones of the wrist and ankle.

Among the flat bones are the ribs, the breast bone, the shoulder blade,