Bone fracture abbreviated frx or Fx, Fx, or #



Download 114,82 Kb.
bet1/8
Sana31.12.2021
Hajmi114,82 Kb.
#258423
  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8
Bog'liq
faractures


bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or FxFx, or #) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of the bone. In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several pieces.[1] A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress, or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosisosteopeniabone cancer, or osteogenesis imperfecta, where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture.[2]



Contents

  • 1Signs and symptoms

    • 1.1Complications

  • 2Pathophysiology

    • 2.1Effects of smoking

  • 3Diagnosis

    • 3.1Classification

      • 3.1.1Mechanism

      • 3.1.2Soft-tissue involvement

      • 3.1.3Displacement

      • 3.1.4Fracture pattern

      • 3.1.5Fragments

      • 3.1.6Anatomical location

    • 3.2OTA/AO classification

    • 3.3Classifications named after people

  • 4Prevention

  • 5Treatment

    • 5.1Pain management

    • 5.2Immobilization

    • 5.3Surgery

    • 5.4Other

  • 6Children

  • 7See also

  • 8References

  • 9External links

Signs and symptoms[edit]

Although bone tissue contains no pain receptors, a bone fracture is painful for several reasons:[3]



  • Breaking in the continuity of the periosteum, with or without similar discontinuity in endosteum, as both contain multiple pain receptors.

  • Edema and hematoma of nearby soft tissues caused by ruptured bone marrow evokes pressure pain.

  • Involuntary muscle spasms trying to hold bone fragments in place.

Damage to adjacent structures such as nerves, muscles or blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots (for spine fractures), or cranial contents (for skull fractures) may cause other specific signs and symptoms.

Complications[edit]


An old fracture with nonunion of the fracture fragments

Some fractures may lead to serious complications including a condition known as compartment syndrome. If not treated, eventually, compartment syndrome may require amputation of the affected limb. Other complications may include non-union, where the fractured bone fails to heal or mal-union, where the fractured bone heals in a deformed manner. One form of malunion is the malrotation of a bone, which is especially common after femoral and tibial fractures.

Complications of fractures may be classified into three broad groups, depending upon their time of occurrence. These are as follows –



  1. Immediate complications – occurs at the time of the fracture.

  2. Early complications – occurring in the initial few days after the fracture.

  3. Late complications – occurring a long time after the fracture.




Download 114,82 Kb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish