Awareness Learners should be encouraged to view a language as a complex living phenomenon and not just as a number of words arranged according to simple rules. Introduce the term ‘language awareness’

A word is a single unit of language. There are four main word classes: verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs. A clause is the basic unit of grammar, which is usually made up of a subject, a verb phrase and, sometimes, a complement. A sentence is a unit of grammar. It must contain at least one main clause.
With hundreds of thousands of words in the English language, teaching vocabulary can seem like a very daunting prospect. Remember though that the average native speaker uses around only five thousand words in everyday speech. Moreover, your students won't need to produce every word they learn, some they will just need to recognize. Selecting what to teach, based on frequency and usefulness to the needs of your particular students is therefore essential. Once you have chosen what to teach, the next important steps are to consider what students need to know about the items, and how you can teach them.

Language awareness

Awareness - Learners should be encouraged to view a language as a complex living phenomenon and not just as a number of words arranged according to simple rules.
Introduce the term ‘language awareness’. Refer to the Glossary. Say that it is ‘awareness of how English works’ and that its key element is that learners ‘discover language for themselves’. Suggest that teachers should look at the language beyond simple rules and notice its use in reality. Language awareness refers to the development in learners of an enhanced consciousness of and sensitivity to the forms and functions of language.

Noticing
We work carefully to use language that enables learners to understand new and challenging concepts. This includes clear definitions of key words alongside the text on the page, as well as glossaries of not only subject words, but command words too. For example, words such as ‘analyse’, ‘justify’ or ‘contrast’. This ensures that students are clear on what questions are asking them to do.

Lack of noticing and discovery and too much presentation, meaning students don’t own the language.

What is grammar, grammar and meaning, grammar and function

grammar (noun): the structure and system of a language, or of languages in general, usually considered to consist of syntax and morphology. Grammar is the system of a language. People sometimes describe grammar as the "rules" of a language; but in fact no language has rules*. If we use the word "rules", we suggest that somebody created the rules first and then spoke the language, like a new game. But languages did not start like that. Languages started by people making sounds which evolved into words, phrases and sentences. No commonly-spoken language is fixed. All languages change over time. What we call "grammar" is simply a reflection of a language at a particular time. Summarise a discussion saying that there are different views on the role of grammar in language. Many professionals in the world of English language teaching have explored this area. Some teachers strongly believe that grammar is the foundation of any language and should be treated as such. Others think it is a system of rules to support the lexical pool of the language. Grammar and Meaning is an introduction to the study of grammar of contemporary English. It provides an impressive survey of all the main areas of English grammar, from words through to sentences and texts. It introduces and explains the linguistic terms needed to talk about the ways in which language works, from simple terms like adjective to more complex terms like non-finite clause. In linguistics, grammatical relations (also called grammatical functions, grammatical roles, or syntactic functions) are functional relationships between constituents in a clause. The standard examples of grammatical functions from traditional grammar are subject, direct object, and indirect object.

Evaluating and designing

This method is based on the philosophy of teaching language rules and language structure intensively; making students memorize the vocabulary of the language with the help of vocabulary lists, and making students perform translation studies from a target language into their mother language and from their mother ..