Automotive Coatings Formulation: Chemistry, Physics und Practices


Partly etherified melamine resins, characterised by free methylol groups



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Automotive Coatings Formulation Ulrich Poth - Chemistry, Physics und Practices (2008, Vincentz Network) - libgen.li


Partly etherified melamine resins, characterised by free methylol groups
• 
Highly etherified melamine resins, characterised by residual NH (imino) groups
• 
Fully etherified melamine resins, containing just etherified methylol groups
Partly etherified melamine resins containing significant quantities of free methylol groups are 
produced by reaction of a high excess of formaldehyde with a slight excess of monoalcohols. Most 
resins of this type are high molecular. They are relatively reactive; the effective stoving tempera-
tures (without addition of catalysts) are 120 to 160 °C, with the precise temperature depending on 
the degree of etherification. Self-crosslinking in these types is relatively extensive.
Melamine resins bearing significant quantities of residual free NH groups are produced by mak-
ing melamine react with less formaldehyde and more monoalcohols. Some products in this group 
have low molecular weights. Again, the melamine resins of this group are highly reactive. The 
reason is the inductive effect of the NH group on the neighbouring etherified methylol group. 
The NH group will form methylene ether groups rapidly during crosslinking (self-crosslinking). 
These melamine resins contain very small quantities of free formaldehyde. They, too, generate low 
quantities of free formaldehyde during crosslinking reactions. Fully etherified melamine resins, 
which are produced with a high excess of both formaldehyde and monoalcohols, contain virtually 
only etherified methylol ether groups as functional groups. Those resins are unreactive relative 
to the other resin types. Unless catalysts are added, they will not react with resins containing 
hydroxyl groups until the temperature is 180 °C and higher. It is possible to significantly lower 
the effective stoving temperatures by adding acid catalysts. Under optimum reaction conditions 
(stoving temperature, time, acid catalysis), these melamine resins undergo the most extensive 
co-crosslinking.
Melamine resins etherified with methanol are more reactive than those etherified with butanols. 
In addition, they have the advantage of being water-soluble or water-thinnable. This group includes 
both resins that contain free NH groups and fully etherified resins. To the group of melamine 
resins fully etherified with methanol belong the so-called HMMM resins. HMMM is the abbrevia-
tion and synonym for hexamethoxymethylmelamine since it is the main constituent of this type 
of resin. HMMM resins are suitable not only for water-thinnable coating materials, but also for 
formulating high-solid stoving enamels due to their low molecular weight and the resultant low 
solution viscosity. HMMM resins are suitable for coil-coatings. Use of HMMM resins for stoving 
temperatures below 160 °C requires an acid catalyst.
Figure 3.5.9: Self-crosslinking reactions of melamine resins
Automotive OEM coatings


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