Bog'liq Automotive Coatings Formulation Ulrich Poth - Chemistry, Physics und Practices (2008, Vincentz Network) - libgen.li
3.5.3.4 Pigments for primer surfacers Coloured pigments The most important coloured pigment for primer surfacers is titanium dioxide, with the pre-
ferred shades being grey. To this end, the titanium dioxide is mixed with small quantities of
black pigments (carbon black) and yellow pigments (yellow iron oxide) for neutral greys or
beige greys. Those shades can be covered with topcoats that confer different special effects
and colours.
There are also
coloured primer surfacers whose colours have been matched to the colours of
the topcoat systems. These primer surfacers boost the hiding power and brightness of topcoats. It
is possible furthermore to reduce the layer thickness of topcoats, which sometimes is necessary
due to application restrictions. The use of coloured primer surfacers entails a great deal of effort,
though. First, the various coloured primer surfacers have to be stored close to the application line.
Changes of primer surfacer colour require careful cleaning of the application lines. This can be
compensated for by running colour campaigns. Another way of minimising the effort is to limit
the number of colours for primer surfacers since then it is not necessary to produce a separate
primer surfacer for every topcoat colour. Topcoat brightness can be boosted by maintaining a
limited number of colours for the primer surfacers: white, light grey, dark grey, yellow, red, and
black. These coloured primer surfacers are then grouped according to the various topcoat colours.
Nor is it necessary for the coloured primer surfacers to be as bright as the topcoats. Hiding power
can be enhanced by selecting inorganic pigments which are not as brilliant as organic pigments,
but which have greater light-scattering power. The various coloured pigments are described in
detail in Chapters 3.6.3.4 and 3.6.3.5.
Extenders Extenders are a crucial ingredient of primer surfacers. They are pigment-like substances that have
no pigmenting action. They are more or less fine particles of inorganic compounds that are totally
insoluble in organic solvent or aqueous solutions and have low refractive indices. Since the refrac-
tive indices are at the same order of magnitude as those of the film matrix resins, extenders are
colourless and transparent. Table 3.5.1 (page 94) lists the most important extenders along with
their composition and characteristic values.
Accordingly, extenders are oxides, hydroxides, and salts (carbonates, sulphates, silicates) of alka-
line earth and earth metals. If the products are based on natural minerals, it is important that only
very pure materials be used. The products must not contain any pigmenting compounds. The ubiq-
uitous red iron oxide (iron(III) oxide) poses the biggest risk in this regard. Minerals are obtained
mostly by open-cast mining, cleaned by physical methods, ground and classified. They include
natural