161
Polyurethane dispersions and primary acrylic dispersions have different properties, advantages
and disadvantages. It is therefore not surprising that some water-borne basecoat contain both
resin types. In addition to that, there are examples where both resins are prepared in combina-
tion directly
[145]
.
Water-borne polyesters
Water-borne polyesters are preferred partners for combination resins for acrylic dispersions and
polyurethane dispersions in basecoats. Theoretically, the same resin types can be used as for
water-borne primer surfacers (see Chapter 3.5.6). The polyesters contain excess hydroxyl groups for
crosslinking, and carboxyl groups for neutralisation with amines to achieve colloidal solubility in
water. Table 3.7.4 describes polyester for water-borne basecoats
[146]
that contain hydrophobic build-
ing blocks for conferring saponification resistance in the aqueous phase, even at high pH values.
Secondary acrylic dispersions
Unlike primary acrylic dispersions, secondary acrylic dispersions are prepared indirectly in two
steps. As described in more detail in Chapter 3.8.3.1, acrylic resins are prepared by the solu-
tion polymerisation process with the aid of free-radical initiators. The preparation of secondary
acrylic dispersions requires process solvents which are at least partly water-soluble. After that,
polymers are prepared at elevated temperatures by the following reaction stages: initiator decom-
position (peroxides, azo compounds), chain initiation, chain propagation, and chain termination
by recombination of free-radicals, or chain transfer. The molecular weight and molecular weight
distribution of the resultant acrylic polymers depend on the polymerisation temperature, the type
and quantity of initiator, polymerisation rate of the monomers, the type and quantity of solvent,
and the type and quantity of optional regulation agent. Suitable acrylic resins for secondary
dispersions contain hydroxyl groups for crosslinking and carboxyl groups. The carboxyl groups
are neutralised at least partly by adding amines to form anionic carrier groups as carrier groups
for water-solubility. Water is added to the neutralised solution to yield dispersions containing
colloidally dispersed particles. It is possible to strip off the solvents by distillation to produce
solvent-free dispersions. It is also possible to leave the solvent in or to add special solvents, which
ultimately serve as cosolvents for the preparation of water-borne basecoats. The advantage of
secondary acrylic dispersions over water-soluble polyesters is their better saponification resist-
ance. They also contribute more to physical drying. By contrast, polyesters confer better wetting,
levelling, and flexibility on basecoats.
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