Automotive Coatings Formulation: Chemistry, Physics und Practices



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Automotive Coatings Formulation Ulrich Poth - Chemistry, Physics und Practices (2008, Vincentz Network) - libgen.li

n = m/M
Components
M
m (example)
0.625
polyester of hexandiol-1.6. dimer fatty acid
784
490.0
0.490
poly tetrahydro furane
1000
490.0
0.658
dimethylol propionic acid
134
88.2
2.100
HMDI
262
550.2
catalyst: dibutyl tin dilaurate
1.0
0.293
trimethylol propane
134
39.3
sum (solids)
1657.7
0.565
dimethyl ethanol amine
89
50.3
water. deionised
3817.7
sum. delivery form
5525.7
solid (60‘ 130 °C): 
25 wt-% 
neutralisation degree 0.86
acid number
25 mg KOH/g 
pH-value 
8.2
Table 3.7.4: Polyester for water-borne basecoats
n = m/M
Components
M
m example 3
wt-‰
7.362
hexane diol-1.6
118
868.7
331.0
2.374
dimer fatty acid
567
1346.2
512.9
2.325
isophthalic acid
166
386.0
147.1
1.076
trimellitic anhydride
192
206.6
78.7
sum
2807.5
1069.6
10.148
water
18
182.66
69.6
yield (AN = 30)
2624.84
1000.0
average molecular weight [g/mol] 
M
n
1372
acid number [mg KOH/g] 
SZ
30.0
degree of branching [mol/kg]
v‘
0.41
OH-number [mg KOH/g] 
OHN
74.8
Table 3.7.3: Composition and characteristic values of a polyurethane dispersion suitable for water-borne 
basecoats
Automotive OEM coatings


161
Polyurethane dispersions and primary acrylic dispersions have different properties, advantages 
and disadvantages. It is therefore not surprising that some water-borne basecoat contain both 
resin types. In addition to that, there are examples where both resins are prepared in combina-
tion directly 
[145]
.
Water-borne polyesters
Water-borne polyesters are preferred partners for combination resins for acrylic dispersions and 
polyurethane dispersions in basecoats. Theoretically, the same resin types can be used as for 
water-borne primer surfacers (see Chapter 3.5.6). The polyesters contain excess hydroxyl groups for 
crosslinking, and carboxyl groups for neutralisation with amines to achieve colloidal solubility in 
water. Table 3.7.4 describes polyester for water-borne basecoats 
[146]
that contain hydrophobic build-
ing blocks for conferring saponification resistance in the aqueous phase, even at high pH values.
Secondary acrylic dispersions
Unlike primary acrylic dispersions, secondary acrylic dispersions are prepared indirectly in two 
steps. As described in more detail in Chapter 3.8.3.1, acrylic resins are prepared by the solu-
tion polymerisation process with the aid of free-radical initiators. The preparation of secondary 
acrylic dispersions requires process solvents which are at least partly water-soluble. After that, 
polymers are prepared at elevated temperatures by the following reaction stages: initiator decom-
position (peroxides, azo compounds), chain initiation, chain propagation, and chain termination 
by recombination of free-radicals, or chain transfer. The molecular weight and molecular weight 
distribution of the resultant acrylic polymers depend on the polymerisation temperature, the type 
and quantity of initiator, polymerisation rate of the monomers, the type and quantity of solvent, 
and the type and quantity of optional regulation agent. Suitable acrylic resins for secondary 
dispersions contain hydroxyl groups for crosslinking and carboxyl groups. The carboxyl groups 
are neutralised at least partly by adding amines to form anionic carrier groups as carrier groups 
for water-solubility. Water is added to the neutralised solution to yield dispersions containing 
colloidally dispersed particles. It is possible to strip off the solvents by distillation to produce 
solvent-free dispersions. It is also possible to leave the solvent in or to add special solvents, which 
ultimately serve as cosolvents for the preparation of water-borne basecoats. The advantage of 
secondary acrylic dispersions over water-soluble polyesters is their better saponification resist-
ance. They also contribute more to physical drying. By contrast, polyesters confer better wetting, 
levelling, and flexibility on basecoats.

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