Automotive Coatings Formulation: Chemistry, Physics und Practices



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Automotive Coatings Formulation Ulrich Poth - Chemistry, Physics und Practices (2008, Vincentz Network) - libgen.li

n = m/M
Component
M
m (example)
wt-‰
3,749
hexandiol-1,6
118
442,4
371,4
0,294
dimer fatty acid
567
166,6
139,9
1,110
isophthalic acid
166
184,3
154,7
1,389
trimellitic anhydride
192
266,7
223,9
0,152
adduct of epoxy resin (EEW 
184) and dimer fatty acid (2 : 1)
1422
216,0
181,3
sum
1276,0
1071,3
4,718
water
18
84,9
71,3
yield (AN = 40,9)
1191,1
1000,0
average molecular weight [g/mol] 
M
n
2029
acid number [mg KOH/g] 
SZ
40,9
degree of branching [mol/kg]
v‘
1,55
OH-number [mg KOH/g] 
OHN
101,3
Pos.
Components
nfA wt-%
Formulation wt-‰
01
polyester (35 %)
6.3
18.0
02
defoamer
0.2
03
deionised water
4.3
04
DMEA
0.1
05
titanium dioxide, rutil
11.2
11.2
06
blanc fixe
11.0
11.0
07
talc
1.3
1.3
08
furnace black
0.1
0.1
dispers on ≤12 µm, then add:
09
polyester (35 %)
2.1
6.0
10
polyurethane dispersion (40 %)
16.0
40.0
11
HMMM resin (100 %)
4.0
4.0
12
deionised water
4.0
sum
52.0
1000.0
pH-value: 
7.8–8.0
viscosity 120“ (DIN 4/20 °C) or 460” (ISO cup 20 °C)
pos. 
 
 
pos.
01 + 09 
polyester 1, example of EP 0339433 
07 “Talkum” NT (GFR)
02 
“Surfynol” 50 % in ethylene glycol (Air Products) 
08 “Furnace” black 101 (Degussa)
05 
“Kronos” 2310 (Kronos) 
10 polyurethane dispersion 1, example of EP 0339433
06 
“Blanc Fixe” F (Sachtleben) 
11 “Cymel” 301 (Cytec)
3.5.7 Powder primer surfacers
While powder coatings are widely established in the market for general industrial coatings, their 
share of the automotive coatings market is relatively small. Of course, the greatest advantage 
of powder systems is the elimination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during application. 
Globally, powder primer surfacers account for less than 10 % of total primer surfacer consumption. 
The bulk of it is used in the USA 
[99]
, where nearly 30 % of primer surfacers for OEM coatings are 
powder primer surfacers. In Europe the quantity is only about 2 % 
[100]
.
Primer surfacers


106
3.5.7.1 Resins for powder primer surfacers
The resins for powder primer surfacers for OEM coatings are the same as those which were used 
for industrial powder coatings because the experiences gained with those resins were positive. 
These resins are combinations of aromatic epoxy resins (see Chapter 3.4.5.1) and polyesters 
containing carboxyl groups.
The 
epoxy resins
are prepared from bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin. Of course, they have to be 
solids. The epoxy equivalent weights (EEW) are 500 to 900 g/mol and the softening temperatures are 
80 to 110 °C. Although these resins have low molecular weights, and the softening temperatures are 
relatively high, a fact which benefits use in powder coatings. Another advantage is that the melt vis-
cosity decreases relatively quickly with rise in temperature. That boosts levelling in powder coatings.
Polyesters containing carboxyl groups
for powder primer surfacers are prepared by the same 
methods used for the production of water-borne polyesters (see Chapter 3.5.6.1). However, by 
contrast, they must have building blocks that confer higher glass-transition temperatures or high 
melting temperatures. Such building blocks are aromatic and cycloaliphatic polycarboxylic acids, 
aliphatic diols with relatively short molecular chains, cycloaliphatic diols and, in special cases, 
ethoxylated bisphenol A. Small amounts of building blocks with long aliphatic chains may be 
added to optimise levelling during the melting process for film forming. Doping with carboxylic 
Figure 3.5.17: Addition reaction between the carboxyl groups of polyesters and epoxy groups
Table 3.5.5: Composition and characters of a typical polyester resin for powder primer surfacer

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