3.5.6.2 Formulations for water-borne primer surfacers
The chosen example of a water-borne primer surfacer
[95]
contains a water-thinnable polyester,
polyurethane dispersion, and melamine resin. Pigments for water-borne primer surfacers are
principally the same as for solvent-borne primer surfacers. In the example given, these are tita-
nium dioxide, carbon black, barium sulphate, and talc.
The
water-thinnable polyester
[96]
contains isophthalic acid, a dimer fatty acid (trimer content
18 % by weight), trimellitic anhydride, 1,6-hexanediol, and a special modification comprising an
adduct of two moles of epoxy resin (EEW 185 g/mol) and one mole of dimer fatty acid (trimer con-
tent less than 2 % by weight). The composition is shown in detail in Table 3.5.3. In the first step, the
isophthalic acid, dimer fatty acid and the 1,6-hexanediol are esterified nearly to completion. Then
trimellitic anhydride is added and esterified until the acid value is 67.7 mg KOH/g. After cooling,
the polyester is diluted with a small quantity of butyl glycol. The epoxy adduct is then added. The
final acid value is 40.9 mg KOH/g. N,N-Dimethyl ethanolamine is added for neutralisation. The
resultant product is transferred to aqueous phase; the solids content is adjusted with water to
35 % by weight. Owing to the content of relatively hydrophobic building blocks, this polyester is
relatively resistant to saponification.
The polyurethane dispersion
[97]
contains a soft segment, which is a polyester prepared by mak-
ing two moles of 1,6-hexanediol and one mole of neopentyl glycol react with two moles of adipic
acid (the acid value is less than 1 mg KOH/g, number average molecular weight is 555 g/mole).
The diisocyanate is 4,4’-diisocynanato biscyclohexylmethane (H
12
MDI). Water solubility is intro-
duced via dimethylol propionic acid. Chain extension and doping with lateral hydroxyl groups are
effected with trimethylol propane (TMP). The reactions are carried out in a ketone process solvent
that is water-compatible. The resultant polymer is neutralised with N,N-dimethyl ethanolamine
(DMEA) and transferred to aqueous phase. Then the process solvent is distilled off. The solids
content is adjusted to 40 % by weight with deionised water, and the pH value is adjusted to 7.2 by
adding small quantities of DMEA. The melamine resin is an HMMM type
[98]
.
Production of the primer surfacer consists in mixing the pigments and extenders (titanium
dioxide, carbon black, barium sulphate, and talc) with some of the aforementioned polyester, and
adding defoamer, some more DMEA and water. The products are premixed and then dispersed on
a sand mill, until the particle size (as measured by the Hegmann method) is less than 12 µm. The
let-down portion consists of the residual polyester, polyurethane dispersion, and melamine resin.
Some deionised water is used to adjust the solids content. The composition of the water-borne
primer surfacer is given in Table 3.5.4.
The water-borne primer surfacer has a solid content of 52 % by weight, it contains just 4.8 %
by weight of solvent, the pH value is between 7.8 and 8.0, and the viscosity is 120 s (DIN 3511,
Ø 4 mm, 20 °C equivalent to ISO cup 460 sec). For spray application, the material is thinned down
to 25 s. The primer surfacer is sprayed electrostatically onto electro primed panels. The flash-off
conditions are 10 min at 23 °C plus 10 min at 80 °C. The stoving conditions are 20 min at 160 °C.
The resultant film thickness is 35 µm. The primer surfacer is then topcoated. Final assessment
includes levelling, topcoat holdout, adhesion, and stonechip resistance. Since the primer surfacer
formulation contains a sufficient quantity of plasticising building blocks, very good results are
achieved in the stonechip tests (VDA method).
Automotive OEM coatings
105
Table 3.5.4: Composition of water-borne primer surfacer
Table 3.5.3: Polyester for water-borne primer surfacer
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