2.5 Application methods As already mentioned, the viscosities of different paints are adjusted to suit the different appli-
cation methods. The simplest application methods are manual
brushing , and manual
roller coating , which are suitable for house-paints, wall-paints and also for some corrosion protection
paints. Fillers (putties) are also applied manually with a
filling knife . These are direct applica-
tion methods.
Indirect methods of application are
dipping process, flow coating, curtain coating , and various
roller applications .
In
dipping , the objects are dipped into the coating material, which must adhere to the surface
of the objects and form a film when the object is removed from the dipping bath. Originally,
solventborne dip coatings were used that caused large emissions of volatile organic compounds.
Solventborne dip coatings have now been widely replaced by water-borne dip coatings. A special
dipping process is
electrodeposition coating . This process uses water-thinnable resins that are
stabilised by ions. The resin moves in an electrical field to the object which is connected to an
electrode with a charge opposite to that of the resin. The resin carries the other ingredients of
the paint, which are deposited on the object. This is followed by discharging, coagulation (addi-
tionally involving diffusion processes) and finally stoving to form a coating film. As deposition is
independent of the wetting behaviour, this opens up the possibility of forming optimum films; the
film thickness can be controlled very well. Another special dipping process is
fluid bed coating .
In this case, a powder coating is transferred to an aerosol in a fluid bed (an open container with a
membrane, through which compressed air is blown). Hot objects are dipped into the aerosol and
powder particles melt on the surface of the objects to form coating films.
Wires for electrical equipment are also coated in a special dipping process.
Wire coating entails
feeding wires several times through a small dipping bath at relatively high speed. The layer thick-
ness is controlled by removing excess material by nozzles or felt strips. The wires pass through
a stoving oven with very high air temperatures (up to 400 °C).
Flow coating is the pouring of paint over objects and collecting the excess in a pan for removal.
Coating here is also a wetting process.
Curtain coating is used for flat objects transported on a conveyor belt. The paint drops from a
storage tank through a dosing slit in the form of a curtain onto the surface of objects moving below,
and coating layers are formed.
In mechanical