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The sharp border between effectiveness and incompatibility in the case of unmodified silicone oils
has been accentuated by modifying them. The modifications are more polar than the silicone oils
themselves and increase the compatibility of the products with resins, without diminishing the
surface effects. Modification leads to easier handling of silicone oils and prevention of film defects.
It is also possible to choose the modified silicone oil to suit the type of resin in the paint formulation
and to strike a balance between compatibility and floating effect. The most important modification
of silicone oils is the addition of polyether chains (EO and PO polyesters). Furthermore, replacing
some dimethyl siloxanes by siloxanes with longer aliphatic chains increase compatibility. There
are also silicone oils that have been modified with polyester chains (e.g. polycaprolactones). The
modifications are obtained by making alkyl silane triols react with the modification molecules, or
adding allyl ethers to silanes. The modification may be a chain termination or a side chain. Figure
3.8.16 show all the ways in which silicone oils can be modified.
There are many different commercial products, which are chosen for their specific effects. Some
of the modified silicone oils exhibit an additional influence on the viscosity behaviour of the
paint, namely by conferring structural viscosity. It is necessary to ensure that polyether-modified
silicone oil do not render the films sensitive to moisture.
Theoretically, all coating layers should lend themselves to re-coating. Although clearcoats are the
last layer of the automotive coating system, it must be possible for them to be re-coated in the
event of repairs. The surface additives chosen must not prevent recoatability.
Some silicone oils that spread over coating surfaces generate slip effects. Slip effects are condu-
cive to scratch resistance. But they can also pose recoatability. Subsequent coatings might not wet
or adhere to the surface of the last layer. This may be an advantage where the requirement is for
an anti-graffiti effect. However, it is definitely a disadvantage for repair coatings if the surface has
been sanded completely before recoating can occur. Therefore, a crucial requirement imposed on
the use of silicone oils as levelling agents is their mobility. They must create excellent surfaces,
but they must also be readily absorbed by the next coating. The mobility of silicone oils is of course
also very important for use in primers, primer surfacers, and basecoats.
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