Asian Research Journals
http://www.tarj.in
286
Special
Issue
DISCUSSION
A proverb is a complex unit that is an object of study within the framework of an
interdisciplinary paradigm (linguistics, folklore, psychology, ethnography, etc.).One of the
provisions that unites all the considered works can be considered an attempt to define this
linguistic phenomenon by identifying the most characteristic features of the proverb, which make
it possible to adequately reveal its linguistic features in a particular culture. Analysis of the
definitions
of
the
proverb
allows
us
to
identify
four
approaches
to
its
definition:folkloristiclinguisticlinguistic and culturalcognitive.Proverbs, as a rule, are two-part, in
which one half gives an image for comparison, the other calls directly the essence of the matter:
Хорошо смеется тот, кто смеется последним.
Кто рано встает, тому бог подает.
Любишь кататься, люби и саночки возить.
Compare also the English proverbs:
haste, less speed.father, like son.
come, easy go.is company, three is none.
Folklorist scholars consider the proverb primarily as a kind of proposition containing minimized
experience of the people, a concentrated expression of a collective idea regarding moral or
categorical imperatives (A.A. Potebnya, E.A. Lyatsky, I.I. Illyustrov, V. P. Adrianova-Peretz,
I.P. Levin, O.B. Khristoforova, V.P. Zhukov). For example, F.I. Buslaev defines proverbs as
"works of art of the native word expressing the life of the people, their common sense and moral
interests." G.L. Permyakov points out that "proverbs express a certain regularity, which can be
perceived as a permanent rule, a custom, a kind of recommendation for everyone and everyone."
From the point of view of some folklorists, the proverb is one of the evidence of the existence of
mythopoetic elements in modern languages (Zhigarina, Brunova).Prior to writing, the proverbs
formulated key etiquette rules, which were one of the main sources of information about
mythological regulations.Many modern scholars are inclined to believe that proverbs are
valuable folklore material, they allow you to penetrate the depths of linguistic symbolism and are
able to generate rules of human behavior in the new realities of the world (Blagov, Nikolaev).
M.V. Bukovskaya emphasizes the need for compulsory study of proverbs in school as examples
of social norms of behavior.The definitions of the proverb given by the representatives of the
folkloristic approach make it possible to distinguish its main features such as nationality,
imagery, brevity, and edification. A proverb is considered as the result of collective experience, a
synthesis of collective thinking, a mythopoetic element, an archetype. Being an integral element
of folklore.
Sources of proverbs are the most diverse. To become a proverb, the utterance must be perceived
and acquired by ordinary people. In this case, the source of the utterance is often
forgotten.Having become a proverb, it becomes part of public consciousness; the proverb doesn't
matter who invented it. It can be infallibly assumed that any proverb was created by a certain
person in certain circumstances, but for so many old proverbs the source of their origin is
completely lost. Therefore, it would be more correct to say that the proverbs are of folk origin,
that their primary source is in the collective mind of the people. In a multitude of utterances
summarizing everyday experience, the meaning of the words seems to have grown into a
proverbial form gradually, without any explicit announcement.In general, it is fair to speculate
that most abstract proverbs began their life in this way. For example, “The end justifies the
means”, derived from the theological doctrine of the seventeenth century, or the golden thought
“The wish is father to the thought”, which was first expressed by Julius Caesar, or the saying “A
ISSN: 2278-4853 Special Issue, March, 2020 Impact Factor: SJIF 2020 = 6.882
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