ISSN: 2278-4853 Special Issue, March, 2020 Impact Factor: SJIF 2020 = 6.882
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At
the same time, “It is regrettable that in conditions of accelerated development
of the economy,
the higher education system, instead of being the“locomotive ”of development, does not keep up
with the times. The bitter truth is that we do not have a system that meets structural changes in
the market able to educate young people in professions and develop entrepreneurial skills, ”said
President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at a meeting of heads of higher education
institutions dated October 24, 2018 on the further development of higher education, Promotion
of
Quality of training, enhance the integration of science and industry.
An analysis of the previous stages of the country's development in the context of globalization
and increasing competition led to the development of new ideas and principles for further
sustainable and accelerated development of the country. They were reflected in the Decree of
the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. UP-4947 dated February 7, 2017, “Strategy for
action on five priority areas for the development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017 - 2021”.
Ensuring the effectiveness of actions in five areas is based on modern achievements of world
science, innovative ideas, developments and technologies. The Decree of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan “Strategy for the innovative development of the Republic of Uzbekistan
for 2019-2021 for No. UP-5544 dated September 21, 2018 defined the activities and Roadmaps
of industries. The main goal of this Strategy is the development of human capital as the main
factor determining the level of a country's competitiveness in the world arena and its innovative
progress. Human capital is a combination of knowledge, skills used to meet the diverse needs of
a person and society as a whole.
For the first time this term was used by the American Theodor Schulz in 1961, and his successor,
Gary Becker, developed this idea since 1965, substantiating the effectiveness of investments in
human capital and formulating an economic approach to human behavior. For his theory, he
received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Economics. Initially, human capital was understood only as a
combination of investments in a person, increasing his ability to work - education and
professional skills. In the future, the concept of human capital has expanded significantly.
Recent calculations made by World Bank experts include consumer spending — household
spending on food, clothing, housing, education, healthcare, culture, and government spending on
these goals. Human capital in the broad sense is an intensive productive factor in economic
development, the development of society and the family, including the educated part of the
workforce, knowledge, tools for intellectual and managerial work, the environment and work
activities that ensure the efficient and rational functioning of the Cheka as a productive
development factor. Human capital is the main factor in the formation and development of an
innovative economy and a knowledge economy.
The following classification of human capital is used:
Individual human capital.
Human capital firms.
National human capital.
In
national wealth, human capital in developed countries ranges from 70 to 80%.
Much attention is constantly paid to the problem of improving the quality of education and
meeting the requirements of the labor market. The set task of developing the country's economy