Asian Research Journals
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320
Special
Issue
ordered Turkey to cede Kars and Ardagan provinces in its favor to the Soviet Union and allow it
to establish a naval base in the Dardanelles [3].
Beria supported the removal of the dubious nation from the strategic territories of the USSR as a
security measure. On July 24, 1944, when Beria was the head of the NKVD (Ministry of internal
affairs), he advised Stalin to deport the Kurds and Hamshils, along with the Meskhetian Turks
living in the border regions of Georgia [4].This recommendation made the deportation of
dubious frontier peoples a priority policy of the Soviets.In addition to these peoples, the Soviet
Union deported Germans, Kalmyks, Chechens, Crimean Tatars, and others from the Volga
region.
In response to Beria's recommendations, Stalin issued Resolution 6279, "On the Resettlement of
Turks Living in the Akhalsk, Aspinsk, Akhalkalaki, and Bogdanov Districts on the Border of the
Georgian SSR." [5]. The decision ordered the NKVD to deport about 86,000 Turks living in the
area, as well as Kurds, Hamshels, and others, to Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan [6].It
also secured the resettlement of 7,000 Georgian families on the land of deported Muslims to
further strengthen the Soviet border against Turkey.This decision served as the legal basis for the
permanent exile of Kurds, Hamshills and Meskhetian Turks.
Under Stalin's orders, Beria began preparations for the deportation of Turks, Kurds, and
Hamshils
.
On September 20, 1944, Beria issued the NKVD's Order No. 001176 "On the
evacuation of Kurds and Hamshins together with the Turks from the border areas of the
Georgian SSR." [7]. The NKVD and NKGB (Ministry of State Security) officers were
responsible for the implementation of this decision. All officers were given specific tasks.Beria
handed over general control of the operation to Kobulov, the deputy commissioner of the NKVD
of the USSR, Rapava, the People's Commissar for State Security of the Georgian SSR, and
Karandze, the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs of the Georgian SSR.The total number of
NKVD internal troops is estimated at 20,000, with 4,000 NKVD-NKGB (Ministry of State
Security) operatives and 900 trucks.L. Beria began the relocation on November 15, 1944 and
planned to finish it on November 25, 1944. The NKVD carried out these tasks quickly and
efficiently [8].
On the morning of November 15, 1944, the NKVD carried out the deportation of Meskhetian
Turks, Kurds, and Hamshils in a military manner, and on the morning of November 15, 1944,
NKVD soldiers surrounded the displaced villages and began transporting them to railway
stations.On the first day of the operation, Rapava informed Beria that by 6:00 pm on that day,
they had taken 26,591 people on trains to Kazakhstan and Central Asia, and as of November 17,
1944, the NKVD had deported, that 81,324 Turks, Kurds and Hamshils were placed on the
trains.In October 1948, the total number of deportees from Georgia under Beria's instructions
reached 94,955.21 [9].
The NKVD deported all Meskhetian Turks, Kurds and Hamshils, regardless of gender, age or
political affiliation
.
They didn't spare the elderly people, children, Red Army soldiers, and even
Communist Party officials
.
Most of the Muslims expelled from Georgia were women and
children
.
Of the total 92,307 deportees (December 1944), 18,923 were men, 27,388 were women,
and 45,985 were children under 16 years of age [10]. Many of the men deported to Kazakhstan
and Central Asia fought in the Soviet army against the Nazis during World War II.In March
1949, these exiles included 4,075 Red Army veterans, including 57 officers and 459
sergeants.Also, 534 Communist Party officials were deported from Georgia [11].The NKVD
ISSN: 2278-4853 Special Issue, March, 2020 Impact Factor: SJIF 2020 = 6.882
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