Artificial irrigation system during the reign of Amir Temur and the Temurids

Artificial irrigation system during the reign of Amir Temur and the Temurids
Panjiyev Jamshid Toxir o’g’li, 2^nd year student of Social – Humanitarian, Denau Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy Phone: [phone]
Bozorov Quvonchbek Dilmurado’g’li, 2^nd year student of Social – Humanitarian, Denau Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy Phone: [phone]
Xolboyev Jurabek Lutfullo o’g’li , 2^nd year student of Social – Humanitarian, Denau Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy Phone: [phone]
Annotation: This article focuses on the social background of artificial irrigation system during the reign of Amir Temur and the Temurids. The reign of Amir Temur and the Temurids are the period of development of the largest hydro-technical relations in the history of our statehood, during which irrigation works were widely used. It is one of the leading sectors in the development of the country.
Key words: Sharaffiddin Ali Yazdi, Bolo Murgab, Merv, Kutlug Turkon aga, Dilkusho, Ganjravo, Hafizi Abru
Introduction. First of all, when talking about Temur and the Temurid period, in most cases, more attention was paid to the political history of the subject, the aspects of military campaigns. When it comes to socio-economic relations at the time, the ruling classes in society did not shy away from thinking about the primacy of interests and the oppression of the common people. We must take into account that the socio-economic life of the country also played a leading role in bringing Amir Temur and the Temurid state to the peak of power.
Analysis part. As mentioned above, we reported that Amir Temur always acted in accordance with the law and the rules of Temur. The process of reconciling socio-economic relations was no exception. There is a special chapter on this issue in Temur's Statutes. According to him, the responsibilities of each of the participants in the industry (farmers, artisans, traders, tax collectors, etc.) are clearly defined. [1] There is a simple truth for all time: “People are fed by the earth”. First of all, the land needs to be irrigated. Amir Temur was able to raise this simple fact on a national scale.
According to Sharafiddin Ali Yazdi, “(Amir Temur), who was extremely disappointed in the development and enlightenment of the world, did not allow a piece of land to be wasted”. Following this rule, he has carried out important activities such as landscaping, opening new lands, and planting gardens in Movaraunnahr, Xuroson and in other countries. [2]
In this sense, the testimony of the historian and geographer of that time Hafiz Abru is noteworthy. According to him, Amir Temur saw that the valley of the Murgab River in Khorasan (a river flowing through what is now Afghanistan and Turkmenistan) was in a state of disrepair and ordered to dig twenty canals to draw water from the river. Thus, the historian writes, the foundation was laid for creative and agricultural work in the valley. In this regard, the names of these channels are Dilkusho, Ganjravon, Darband, Ganjxona, Umar Tobon, Akbugo, Kutlug Khotun, Sheikh Abu Said, Sheikh Ali, Sanjadak, Ali Malik, Hasan Jondor and others. [3 ]
There is no doubt that these irrigation structures or canals built during the reign of Temur and the Temurids, were named after some person or place. For example, if we come to the above-mentioned Kutlug Khotun channel, it is probably named after Amir Temur's sister Kutlug Turkon aga. We know that post-Temur rulers in this dynasty also paid a lot of attention to this work, for example, the last Temurid ruler Hussein Boykaro, dug canals, repaired and expanded the area between the areas, Bola Murgab and Merv.
We know that Amir Temur also attached great importance to the construction of artificial irrigation systems in Azerbaijan. For example, during Temur's stay in Karabakh, Sahibkiran dug a 60-70 km long Barlos canal in the area. According to another source, he ordered the construction of a 35-40 km long Baylakon canal. As a result, water will be pumped out of neglected lands and gardens and crops will be planted. [4] Along with other countries, Amir Temur paid special attention to artificial irrigation in Afghanistan. It is known that he dug a 30-35 km long canal from the Gubran River, which flows a short distance from Kabul, and it is known as Jui Mohigar and Jui Nav, which resulted in the development of these areas.