By – tomonidan; orqali
1)
“By” predlogi “tomonidan” ma’nosida
mualliflik predlogi hisoblanadi va ish-
harakatning kimdir tomonidan bajarilganligini ko’rsatadi va majhul nisbatda
qo’llanadi:
“War and Peace” was written by Tolstoy –
“Urush va Tinchlik” romani Tolstoy
tomonidan yozilgan.
The window was broken by a student –
Deraza bir talaba tomonidan sindirildi.
2)
“Orqali” ma’nosida “by” predlogi
ish- harakatning biror bir transport
vositasida bajarilishini ko’rsatadi:
By car – Mashina orqali By plane (= by air) – Samalyot
bilan (= havo orqali)
By tram – Tramvay orqali By ship (= by sea) – Kema bilan (=
dengiz orqali)
By train – Poyezd orqali By bus – Avtobus bilan, avtobus
orqali
By taxi – Taksi orqali, taksi bilan By trolleybus – Trolleybus bilan,
trolleybus orqali
For example:
I go to school by bus – Men maktabga avtobus bilan boraman.
“Orqali” ma’nosini “in” va “on” predloglari ham ifodalaydi, faqat “in” va
“on” predloglari bilan artikllar qo’llanadi:
In a car On the plane
On the tram On the ship
On the train On a bus
In a taxi On the trolleybus
For example:
I go to school on the bus – Men maktabga avtobusda boraman.
Of – - ning (asosan, jonsiz narsa- predmetlarga nisbatan)
The door of the room –
Xonaning eshigi
The knob of the door –
Eshikning tutqichi
Bundan tashqari
, “of ” predlogi kishi yoshiga nisbatan ham qo’llanadi:
A man of forty –
Qirq yoshli erkak
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