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Determine
r 
Adjective/s, Noun/s 
Head of a group 
a 
an 
a 
a 
breast cancer
autoimmune disease research 
randomized double-blind controlled 
movable pea-size tumour 
surgery 
centre 
trial 
mass 
Then the students can translate the whole sequence into the L1, starting with the head. 

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LangLit 
An International Peer-Reviewed Open Access Journal
 
 
Vol. 1 Issue - 1
 
 
82
 
 
 
Aug, 2014 
Fig. 4. Screenshot from a concordancer showing the frequency list in the specialist corpus 
For explicit vocabulary studies, both teachers and students benefit from corpus data, 
which provides them with easily available information about the frequency and collocations 
of target words. Corpus is a collection of authentic texts stored electronically for the 
language study (Parltridge, 2006). Because corpora consist of authentic texts, they are the 
best to show how vocabulary is used in a real language, and not in the language invented for 
didactic purposes. There are many corpora, which contain millions of words, available 
online, e.g., British National Corpus, Cobuild Corpus, American National Corpus. However, 
ESP teachers can build their own specialist corpora composed of academic texts (e.g., 
scientific articles) to show the students how specialist vocabulary is used in them. Corpus 
information is presented in the form of concordances, that is, lines of text with the target 
word placed in the centre. They are normally displayed on the computer screen. 
Concordances are created using a software, called a concordancer, e.g. WordSmith or 
MonoConc Pro. On the basis of concordance lines, the students can work out the regularities 
and patterns related to selected words. Before creating concordance lines, the students can 
make the wordlist which shows the frequency of occurrence of all the words which appear in 
the text. A fragment of such frequency list from the specialist corpus, compiled by the 
authors of this paper, is presented in Figure 4. 
Creating a frequency list before analyzing concordances for certain target words 
allows to see which words are most common in a given text. These words can be chosen for 
further study. The obtained frequency list (Figure 4) shows that after the functional words, 

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