Aquaculture farmer organizations and cluster management: concepts and experiences



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Bog'liq
2011-FAO

3.7
BUSINESS STRATEGIES
To compete in today’s demanding markets, provide benefits to members in the long term 
and achieve financial sustainability, FOs either have to make a profit or fulfil certain 
functions that are beneficial enough to members that they continue to pay membership 
fees and make large enough contributions to the organization to sustain it in the 
long term, like the Thai Marine Shrimp Farmers Association. This association fulfils 
certain functions such as networking, information exchange and coordination among 
different market chain actors. along with advocacy and community development. Most 
importantly, however, it is made up of medium to large farmers who are rich enough to 
be able to make large donations to something they see as a good cause. This is rare for 
an FO, especially those made up of small farmers who do not have excess cash; thus, the 
primary aim of most small-scale FOs is to provide economic benefits to their members. 
As such they need to provide members with services at a lower price than can be found 
elsewhere, which can be difficult. It requires careful analysis of the market and the 
real costs of doing business. If this is not possible, FOs will have to facilitate access to 
these services from independent service providers for their members while maintaining 
control of members’ produce. In order to continue to provide members with economic 
and other benefits in the long term, FOs will need to find ways of increasing their 
income, decreasing their costs and, in short, functioning like a business.
Some of the common business strategies adopted by FOs to increase income include:
• increasing volume;
• adding value by improving quality, processing or differentiation;
• diversifying into high-value products;
• accessing new markets and increasing demand; and
• negotiating higher prices through increased bargaining power.
A common strategy to ensure that income is not only increased but is stable as well 
includes lowering market risk through: 
• diversifying products; 
• diversifying markets (which is often easier); and
• increasing sales through long-term contracts with buyers. 
Common strategies to lower costs include:
• exploiting economies of scale (e.g. bulking produce and collective marketing); 
and 
• lowering internal transaction costs.




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