Андижон давлат университети ҳузуридаги илмий даража берувчи phD

Full phraseological equivalents, that is, existing FBs in different languages, are compatible in phraseological meaning, lexical structure, figurativeness, grammatical structure, and stylistic coloring. Since we are comparing the SFB of German and Uzbek, we have used the above scientist's formula according to only two languages. For example: in German “jmdn. auf Händen tragen” and the Uzbek phrase ”carry (respect) someone’ are mutually exclusive phraseological equivalents. [L₁] [L₂]
A+B ≠ AB ‹―› A+ В ≠ AВ
AB [L₁]  AВ[L₂]
For example: [L₁] - “jmdn. auf Händen tragen”; [L₂] - “кимнидир қўлида кўтариб юрмоқ(эъзозламоқ)”. Ich möchte mit die zusammen die Welt erobern, dich auf Händen tragen. ‘I want to conquer the world with you and carry you in my arms’.
Small deviations are allowed within the framework of complete equivalence in the grammatical and lexical content of the FB of the two structural languages. In German, the noun is often in the infinitive, while in Uzbek the frequency of the noun is balanced between the infinitive and the infinitive. In German “jmdn. mit offenen Armen empfangen” in the somatism of the substantive conjugation, while its Uzbek equivalent is “greet with open arms”, which is expressed in the conjugation of the substantive direction. (3.2, see Table, 5). From the above examples it can be seen that in both languages “Hand”-“қўл” somatic phraseological units have an exact equivalent - a common meaning, amounting to 95 – 29 % in total.
Private phraseological equivalents, that is, the phraseological meaning of German SFBs with Uzbek SFBs, are expressions that correspond to the stylistic coloring and are similar to it in figurativeness. However, they differ slightly from each other in lexical composition and grammatical structure.
[L₁] [L₂]
A+B ≠ AB ‹―› A+ С ≠ AС
AB [L₁] = AC [L₂]
For example: L1 – “jmdm. zur Hand gehen”; L2 – “Reach out” Like das war uralte Mutter Glusch, die dort ihre verwitwete Schwiegertochter besuchte, um ihr beim Einkochen von Pflaumen zur Hand zu gehen. (Böll, Erzählungen, P.181). ‘... it was old mother Glush, who came to her widowed daughter-in-law to help her boil plums’. These expressions are partially opposite, and the difference is that the German lexeme «gehen» is expressed by the Uzbek lexeme «stretch». The meanings of the SPU of the two systematic languages ​​analyzed in the comparative approach are practically the same in both languages, and although there are deviations in the morphosyntactic and lexico-semantic structure, they are partially equivalent. For example, the phrase "klebrige Hand haben" in German was added to the group of partially equivalent somatic phraseological units through the "crooked hand" somatism in Uzbek. The lexeme Klebrige has a wider meaning in German and is characterized by sticks of stickiness, filth. But since the somatic units in both languages ​​express the human tendency to steal through different connotations, we have attached them to partially equivalent somatisms. The partial equivalent of somatisms with the “Hand” component in German and Uzbek was 76-24%. (3.2, see Table 7).