Andijon davlat chet tillari instituti ingliz tili nazariy aspektlari kafedrasi chet tillarni o

opinionnaire
, or attitude scale, is an information form that attempts to measure the attitude or belief of 
an individual. How one feels or what he believes is his attitude, which can’t be measured or described. The 
researcher, therefore, must depend upon what the individual says are his beliefs and feelings. From the 
statement of his opinion his attitude is inferred. 
 
Limitations of inferring attitude from expressed opinion
An individual may hide his real attitude and express socially acceptable opinions. 
He may not really know how he feels about a social issue. 
He may never have considered the idea seriously. 
He may not know his attitude about a situation in the abstract and so may be unable to predict his reaction 
or behavior until confronted with a real situation. 
Interview
An 
interview
is a direct face-to-face attempt to obtain reliable and valid measures in the form of verbal 
responses from one or more respondents. It is a conversation in which the roles of the interviewer and the 
respondent change continually. 
Advantages 
Allows the interviewer to clarify questions. 
Can be used with young children and illiterates. 
Allows the informants to respond in any manner they see fit. 
Allows the interviewers to observe verbal and non-verbal behavior of the respondents. 
Means of obtaining personal information, attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs. 
Reduces anxiety so that potentially threatening topics can be studied. 
Disadvantages 
Unstructured interviews often yield data too difficult to summarize or evaluate. 
Training interviewers, sending them to meet and interview their informants, and evaluating their 
effectiveness all add to the cost of the study. 
Structured interviews
are rigidly standardized and formal. 
The same questions are presented in the same manner and order to each subject. 
The choice of alternative answers is restricted to a predetermined list. 
The same introductory and concluding remarks are used. 

---

29 
They are more scientific in nature than unstructured interviews. 
They introduce controls that permit the formulation of scientific generalizations. 
Limitation
of the structured interviews - Collecting quantified, comparable data from all subjects in a uniform 
manner introduces a rigidity into the investigative procedures that may prevent the investigator from probing 
in sufficient depth.