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References 193
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A posteriori
language, 111
A priori
language, 111
AAAL, 120
Academie Française, 32
Accents, 93
Accuracy, 70
Achievement, 85
African language policy, 145
AILA, 16, 118
ALAA, 5
Alderson, 30, 31
Alderson and Urquhart, 76
American English, 110
Analytical grammar, 21
Anderson, 153
Angeles, 118
Annamalai, 43
Anthony et al., 54, 59
Anthropological, 79
Aphasia, 54, 58, 61
Applied fields, 9
Applied Linguistics
, 120, 147, 157
Applied linguistics advice and action, 159
Applied linguistics as driver, 11
Applied linguistics curricula, 6, 9
Applied linguistics no answers, 10
Applied linguistics: source and target, 3
Applied linguists’ duty, 158
Applied maths, 90
Arabic, 25
ARAL, 120
Arnold, B., 25
Artificial languages, 92, 110–14
Assessment, 137
Assessment group based, 132
Asylum seeker cases, 156
Atkinson, 125
Attrition, 60
Auden, 159
Australia, 28, 29, 81
Authentic, 93
BAAL, 120, 132
BAAL Recommendations, 124–5
Background knowledge, 31
Background speakers, 28
Baker and Chenery, 59
Banville, 150, 151
Barnard and Spencer, 9
Baron, 52
Barth, 153
Bartsch, 101
Basic English, 114
Baugh, 42
Baynham, 5
BBC, 32
Beckett, 124
bell hooks, 135
Beretta, 37
Beretta and Crookes, 139
Berg, 109
Bernstein, 38, 94, 145
Bialystok, 39, 69
Bias, 155
Bible, 52
Birdsong, 39, 152
Black, 8, 107
Black languages, 157
Block, 8, 139, 146, 155
Bloomfield, M., 6
Bolton, 138
Boys and girls, 50
Brice Heath, 94
Bridges, Robert, 101
British Council, 17, 75, 76, 80, 116, 129
Broadie, 117
Broca, 58
Brumfit, 3, 118, 145, 146, 156
Index
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Brutt-Griffler, 157
Cahoone, 134–5
CAL, 126, 128, 130, 131, 135, 144, 146
Caldas-Coulthard and Coulthard, 142
Cameron, 53
Canada, 71, 81
Canadian rising, 48
Canagarajah, 157
Canale and Swain, 37
Case Studies, 17–27
Catford, 116
CDA, 26, 133, 140, 142, 146, 158
Censorship, 69
Census data, 43
Chapelle, 88
Chomsky, 37
Chomsky’s idealised native speaker, 149
Clapham, 85
Clark, 37
Cleft palate, 54
Coady and Bloch, 122, 125
Codes: doubts, 125
Codes of Ethics, 124
Codes of Practice, 124
Cognitive research, 149
Common core, 108
Communicational Teaching Project, 36
Communicative, 70, 75, 78
Communicative competence, 38, 137
Communicative language teaching materials, 22
Comparisons, 22
Content and concept, 119
Context, 137
Cook and Kasper, 64
Cook, G., 1, 2, 107
Cook, Vivian, 1
Corder, 1, 3, 5, 6, 38, 115, 135, 136, 138, 145
Correctness, 92, 93, 97–102
Counter-hegemonic, 157
Criper and Davies, 76
Criteria for success, 18
Critical pedagogy, 26–7
Critical period, 39, 128
Critical theory, 139
Critical turn, 134
Crosstalk, 23, 127
Crystal, 48, 49, 51, 54, 60, 64, 101, 114, 121
Culler, 106
Cultural conventions, 23
Cultural relativity, 133
Culture, 70
Cumming, 4
Cummins, 20
Curriculum change, 18
Curriculum design, 63, 75, 83, 85
Curriculum studies, 137
DAL, 15
Darjeeling, 71
Davies, 6, 75, 76, 85, 127, 141, 149, 154, 155
Davies and Elder, 1
Davies et al., 1, 109, 138
Davies, Hamp-Lyons and Kemp, 78, 85, 155
Description, 110
Diachronic versus synchronic, 46
Dialect, 34
Dictionary, 109
Dictionary writing, 46–7
Different proficiencies, 31
Diglossia, 34
Direct and overview questions, 31
Discourse analysis, 117
Djite, 144
Docherty, 123, 133
Doctor-patient, 95
Donaldson, 134
Doody, 52
Douglas, 35, 88
Durkheim, 45
ECAL, 5
Eclecticism, 74
Education is political, 26
Educational code, 94
Educational linguistics, 6, 90–1
EEC, 157
Ehrlich, 53
EIL, 143
Elaborated code, 94
Elder, 25, 28
Elderly, 55, 56
ELF, 25, 26, 77, 128, 131, 132, 155
ELTS, 63
ELTS, 75–6, 81, 91
ELTS evaluation, 74
Emerson, 107
Empiricism, 118
English as an International Language, 26
English dictionaries, 110
English in China, 26–7
English language influence, 11
English proficiency, 103
English proficiency tests, 30
Enkvist and Coppiniemi, 107
Enlightenment, 117, 118, 133, 146
Epicene, 52
Equal Opportunity Unit, 100
Escudero and Sharwood Smith, 151, 152
ESP, 30, 35
Index 195
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Esperanto, 111
ETAL series, 6
Ethical milieu, 121, 122, 125
Ethicality, 156
Ethics, 81, 117, 122 ff
Ethnomethodology, 118
Exceptional learners, 39
Experience, 135
Extendibility, 19
Factors in immersion, 72, 73, 74
Fairclough, 140, 142, 143, 147
fault-line, 158
Feminist, 140
Ferguson, 9, 89
Firth, 141
Fish, 106, 141
Forensic linguistics, 92, 95, 102
Form, 34–5
Foucauld, 143, 146
Fowler, 142
Freeman, 105
French, 24, 25
French, 53
Fries, 4
Function, 34–5
Functional language use, 34
Fundamentalism, 27
Geerz, 131
Gellner, 154
Gender and sexuality, 156
General and specific, 76
Generalisation, 134
German, 88
Gibbons, 104, 105
Giroux, 134–5
Globalisation, 156
Glossary, 3
Gode, 112
Goffman, 141
Good school, 20–1
Grabe, 5
Gradation, 136
Grammar, 112
Graves and Hodge, 99
Green, 110
Gumperz, 23, 127, 130
Halliday, 91
Halliday et al., 134
Halliday, McIntosh and Strevens, 4
Hammersley, 142
Hamp-Lyons and Davies, 155
Handbook of Applied Linguistics, 2
Hare, 122
Harris, 148
Haugen, E., 34
Hegemonic, 129
Hegemony, 157
Hickey, 106
High rise intonation, 48
Hill, 69
Hoax, 141
Hodge and Kress, 142
Holmes, 49, 50, 53
Homan, 119
Hong Kong, 24
House, 123
Howard and Brown, 88
Howatt, 5
Hudson, 1
Hume, 117
Hyltenstam and Abrahamsson, 154
Hymes, 37–8, 145
Hyphens, 94
IAAL, 64
Idealisations, 154
Identity, 127, 121
Ideology, 147–8
IELTS, 63, 81, 155
IJAL, 145
Imagined community, 25, 153
Immersion, 71, 72
Impairment, 60
Indian English, 78, 157
Indian language situation, 43–5
Individual and social loss, 60
Institutions of opinion, 156
Instructions, 94
Intelligibility, 82
Interlanguage, 84
International language, 113
Interpreter, 95, 96, 102, 104
IRAL, 119, 120
Irish, 151
Jackson, 123
Jensen, 102
‘jew’, 110
Johnson and Johnson, 120
Johnson and Swain, 761
Joseph, 8, 24, 25, 53, 128, 131
Judgements, 152, 154
Kachru, 138, 140, 155
Kaplan, 2, 6, 64
Kaplan and Baldauf, 1
Kaplan and Widdowson, 1
196
Index
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Kaplan, A., 65, 66
Kenya, 14
Kerr, 58, 61
Keyings, 141
Koehn, 125
Kramsch, 157
Kress and Fowler, 141
Lado, 4
‘language’, 44
Language and gender, 47ff
Language and identity, 24ff
Language assessment, 28–31
Language choices, 101
Language engineering, 102
Language in situation, 41
Language in society, 47