Allegory in which the barnyard animals who overthrow the farmer and take over the farm represent the Russian Revolution and its aftermath. Alliteration

Allegory 
A literary work in which nearly all of the characters, events, settings, and other literal elements of the story have a second, symbolic meaning. In most cases, allegories advance a very clear moral lesson.
George Orwell’s Animal Farm is an allegory in which the barnyard animals who overthrow the farmer and take over the farm represent the Russian Revolution and its aftermath.
 
Alliteration 
The repetition of an initial consonant sound in words that are close together, such as within a single sentence or line of poetry.
The third stanza of Emily Dickinson’s “A narrow Fellow in the Grass” uses alliteration in both the second and third lines:
He likes a Boggy Acre -
A Floor too cool for Corn -
But when a Boy and Barefoot
I more than once at Noon
 
Allusion
An indirect reference to something outside the text, usually a person, place, thing, or idea that is generally familiar to the intended audience. Allusions often refer to historical events or people, other works of literature, mythology, or popular culture.
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The following lines from Romeo and Juliet contain an allusion to Aurora, the Roman goddess of the dawn. 
But all so soon as the all-cheering sun
Should in the farthest east begin to draw
The shady curtain from Aurora’s bed . . . (1.1.124–126)
 
Anachronism
An historically inaccurate detail in a literary work, included by the author either unintentionally or deliberately.
In Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, the characters refer to a clock striking three. This is an anachronism because clocks had not been invented at the time Julius Caesar lived. 
 
Anagram
A word or phrase that can be spelled by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase.
You may know the fiction writer Ashwin Sanghi by his pen name, Shawn Haigins, which is an anagram of his real name. 
 
Analogy
A comparison that explains how two dissimilar things are similar in some ways, usually with the purpose of explaining complex ideas or making a persuasive argument.
The philosopher William Paley (1743–1805) used a famous analogy to argue for the existence of God. Paley compared the universe to a watch made up of many small parts all working together for a clear purpose. Like the watch, Paley argued, the universe must have been created by an intelligent designer because it was too complex to have come into existence by chance. 
 
Anaphora
The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of a series of sentences or clauses, usually creating a rhythmic effect.
Martin Luther King, Jr. used anaphora frequently in his “I Have a Dream” speech: 
“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed . . . 
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood . . .
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi . . . will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.”
 
Antagonist
A character or force in a story that opposes, or works against, the goals of the protagonist (main character).
In Shakespeare’s Othello, the villainous Iago serves as the antagonist, abusing Othello’s trust in order to sabotage his happy marriage.