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Example: 
The graph below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries  
between 1930 and 1980. 
 
 
We can change 3 elements of this sentence: 
1. 
graph shows = bar chart compares  
2. 
figures for imprisonment = number of people in prison/prisoners  
3. 
between ... and ... = over a period of … years 
Sample paraphrased introduction: 
The bar chart compares the number of people in prison in five different countries over a 
period of 50 years, from 1930 to 1980. (24 words) 
in
th
ous
ands

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IELTS
 JOURNAL 
 
 
25 
Useful Phrases 
You can use the words and the phrases below to start writing your introductory paragraph 
more quickly with more confidence.