Adqiqo On 28fevral

KjilOHeBbie cjiOBa: XHMH3, HayHHaa KapTHHa MHpa, a3OTHaa KHCJiOTa, 3aKOHOMepHaa CB«3b.
IIpe^MeT «Xhmh«» HrpaeT Ba>KHyK) pojib B o6meM cpe^HeM o6pa3OBaHHH. Oh bhocht cy- njecTBeHHbiH BKjiafl e nomiMamie nayynou Kapmumi Miipa น pojiu XUMUU KCIK BajfCHOU npou3- BodumejibHOU cujibi odufecmsa. y^amneca 3HaK0M3Tca c HayKOH, KOTopaa He TOJibKO noMoraeT oöbacHaTb H npeflCKa3biBaTb H3MeHeHH«, npoHCxoflaiijHe B OKpyjKaiomeH fleHCTBHTejibHOCTH, HO H flaeT B pyKH HejiOBeKa cpeflCTBa ynpaBjieHHa xHMHHecKHMH npeBpanjeHHaMH สJia nojiy- HeHHa HOBbIX BenjeCTB, COBepmeHHbIX MaTepnajiOB, 3K0H0MHHHbix H 3(|)(|)eKTHBHbix npoijeccoB. OSyneHHe XHMHH n03B0JiaeT ycnemHO pemaTb e^HHbie fljia Bcex LUKOJibHbix npe^MeTOB 3admu Gocnumamm, nojiHTexHHHecKOH H Tpy^OBOH no^roTOBKH yHanjHxca, 3aflaHH pa3BHTH« HHTeji- jieKTyajibHbix cnocoÖHOCTeH H yMeHHH B TBopnecKOH fleaTejibHOCTH.
yHeÖHO-BOcnHTaTejibHbie 3aflaHH, onpe^ejieHHbie nporpaMMOH no XHMHH, สJia Kaxzjoro ypo­Ka KOHKpeTH3HpyiOTca B cooTBeTCTBHH c coflepacaHHeM yHeÖHoro MaTepnajia. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT ıjejıeH H coflepacaHHa yHHTejib BblÖHpaeT MeTOflbi paöoTbi c yHaiijHMHca, n03T0My npexzje HeM xapaKTepH3OBaTb MeTOflbi oSyneHHa H nyTH HX coBepmeHCTBOBaHHa Ha coBpeMeHHOM ypo- Ke, Hy>KHO X0T3 6bi OHeHb KpaTKO paccMOTpeTb coflepacaHHe fleHCTByiomero Kypca XHMHH.
B LUKOJie, KaK H3BeCTHO, H3yHaiOTCa OCHOBbl HeOpraHHHeCKOH c BKJIIOHeHHeM BOnpOCOB 06- meH XHMHH (VII—IX Kjiaccbi) H opraHHHecKOH XHMHH (X Kjiacc). rjiaBHbiH npe^MeT H3yHeHH« —XHMHHeCKHe 3JieMeHTbI H BemeCTBa KaK HOCHTejIH XHMHHeCKOH (|)opMbi flBHJKeHHa MarepHH. CBOHCTBa pacKpbiBaiOTca Hepe3 xHMHHecKHe peaKijHH. Ba>KHO 3aMeTHTb, HTO B HeopraHHHe- CKOH XHMHH 3HaHH« 06 3JieMeHTaX H o6pa3yeMbIX HMH COe^HHeHHaX IjeMeHTHpyiOTCa HfleaMH nepHOflHHecKoro 3aKOHa, 3HaHiia 06 opraHHHecKHx BemecTBax o6i>eflHiMK)Tca H^eaMH pa3BHTH« BemecTB OT npocTbix no C0CTaBy H xHMHHecKOMy CTpoeHHK) flO Bee 6ojiee CJIOJKHMX BnjiOTb flO SejiKOB — OCHOBbl 5KH3HH opraHH3MOB. Onpe^ejieHHaa H^eHHO-HayHHaa HanpaBjieHHOCTb CO3^aeT UejIOCTHOCTb H JIOrHHeCKyiO CTpOHHOCTb KypCOB H BMeCTe c TeM CJiyJKHT MeTOflOJIOrH- HecKH Ba>KHbiM (|)aKT0p0M B opraHH3aijHH npoijecca oGyneHHa. Be^yiijHH HfleHHbiH CTepaceHb COflepjKaHHa XHMHH «BJiaeTCa OCHOBOH fljia LUHpOKOro HCnOJIb3OBaHH« 3BPHCTHKH Ha ypoKax, nocKOJibKy öjıaroflapa TaKOMy CHCTeMOo6pa3yioineMy CTepjKHK) HH 0flHH H3 BOnpOCOB yneÖHO- ro MaTepnajia He BOcnpHHHMaeTca KaK cjıynaiiHbiH, Ka>KflOMy H3 HHX onpe^ejieHa CBoa pojib B ijejiocTHOH CHCTeMe xHMHHecKHx 3HaHHH. 3to 3HaHHT, HTO Ha jik)6om 3Tane oöyHeHiıa ynainH- eca MoryT copneHTHpoBaTbca, B KaKOM HanpaBjıeHHH cjıe^yeT «HCKaTb» HOBoe 3HaHHe, noTOMy HTO oSjiacTb noHCKa HCTHHbi onpe^ejieHa Hfleeii.
HanpHMep, H3yHaeTC« B IX Kjiacce KOHKpeTHoe BemecTBO — a3OTHaa KHCJiOTa. IIohth Bee HOBbie CBe^eHHa o Hen ynaınHeca MoryT nojıyHHTb, 3Haa nojioJKeHHe 3jieMeHTa a3OTa B nepno- สHHecKOH CHCTeMe. H3 3Toro 3HaHiia OHH MoryT c^ejıaTb 3aKjiK)HeHHe o KHCJIOTHOM xapaKTepe ero coeflHHeHHH, OTHecTH a3OTHyio KHCJiOTy K cooTBeTCTByiomeMy Kjiaccy coe^HHeHHH H npn 3T0M yKa3aTb ee xHMHHecKHe CBOHCTBa, xapaKTepHbie fljia Bcero Kjiacca KHCJIOT KaK 3jieKTpo- JIHTOB. IIojio>KeHHe a3OTa B nepHOflHHecKOH CHCTeMe noKaaceT, KaKOBbi oeoöeHHOCTH CTpoeHHa ero aTOMa, a H3 3Toro nocjie^yeT BblBOfl o Bbicmen CTeneHH OKHCJieHHa a3OTa B a30TH0H KHCJiOTe H 06 ee OKHCJiHTejibHbix enocoSHOCTax, KOTopbie npoaBaTca B peaKijnax c BemecTBaMH-BOC- CTaHOBHTejiaMH. IIpHMepbi 3THX BemecTB, ynaınHeca TaioKe MoryT flaTb, ocymecTBHB noHCK B TOH >Ke OÖjiaCTH 3HaHHH, CB«3aHHOH c nepHOflHHeCKHM 3aK0H0M- H yneHHeM 06 3JieKTpOHHOM CTpoeHHK aTOMOB.
IIoflOÖHyK) ace uenb yMO3aKjiK)HeHHH CTpoaT ynaınHeca H npn npoxo>KfleHHH opraHHHecKOH XHMHH. OflHaKO B 3T0M cjıynae oÖJiacTb noHCKa KOHKpeTHoro 3HaHH« o BemecTBe HaMenaeTca B pycjie flpyroH Ha3BaHHOH Bbirne H^eHHO-TeopeTHHecKOH jihhhh: ycTaHaBjiHBaiOTca cocTaB H
CTpoeHiıe BenjecTBa, ero MecTO B CHCTeMe ycjıo>KiMK)LiiHxca opraHHHecKHx coe^HHeHHH, Ha- jiHHHe 4)yHKijHOHajibHbix rpynn B MOJieKyjiax H, HaKOHeu, xapaKTepHbie ocoöeHHOCTH ero 4)H- 3HHeCKHX H XHMHHeCKHX CBOHCTB.
CKB03HMM TeopeTHHecKHM nojıoaceHiıeM Bcero LUKOJibHoro npe^MeTa XHMHH «BjıaeTca no- jıoDtcemıe o 3aK0H0Mepn0iı C6H3U MeîKfly C0CTaB0M, CTpoeHiıeM, CBOHCTBaMH BenjecTBa, cnoco- 6aMH ero nojıyneHHa, HaxojKfleHiieM B npııpofle H npıiMeHeHiıeM B Tex HJIH HHbix o&nacTax Ha- poflHoro x03«HCTBa. B HTore eoBOKynHOCTb pa3HopoflHbix CBe^eHHH o BajKHeHLUHx BenjecTBax npe^CTaBjiaeT COÖOH CBoeo6pa3HyK) uenoHKy npHHHH H ejıeflCTBHH, Hanajıo KOTOPOH jıe>KHT B oÖJiacTH 3aKOnoMepnocmeu MUKpoMupa. Hx pacKpbiTiıe H cocTaBjıaeT OCHO6HOU meopemme- CKUİI (pyndaMenm 3HaHHH no XHMHH. ÜOIMTHO, HTO flaHHaa cneıjH(|)HKa yHeÖHoro Marepııajıa Bbi3biBaeT cooTBeTCTByK)njHe H3MeHeHiıa B MeTOflHKe oöyHeHHa: noBbimaeTca pojib TeopHH H B npe^CKa3aHHH HOBbix สJia yHanjHxca (|)aKTOB H nojiOîKeHHH, npoÖJieMHOCTH H 3OKa3aTejibHOCTH npil yCBOeHHH 3HaHHH.
Pa3yMeeTca, Ha paBHbix 3Tanax oöyHeHHa pa3JiHHHa rjıyÖHHa TeopeTHHecKOH apryMeHTaıjHH, nocKOJibKy H3yHeHHe BajKHeHLUHx BonpocoB TeopHH, X0T3 H npHÖjiHJKeHO K Hanajıy Kypca, 0ส- HaKO He MOJKeT HaHHHaTbca e nepBbix ypoKOB. B VII H B Hanajıe VIII KjıaccoB ynaınHeca ycBa- HBaiOT MaTepnajı Ha ypoBHe aTOMHO-MOJieKyjiapHbix npeflCTaBjıeHHH. Ha 3T0M, nepBOM, 3Tane OÖyHeHHa HMeeTCa B03M0>KH0CTb nOKa JIHIHb KOHCTaTHpOBaTb 6e3 flOCTaTOHHOH TeopeTHHecKOH 3OKa3aTejIbHOCTH HajIHHHe npHHHHHO-CJieflCTBeHHOH CB«3H MeîKfly COCTaBOM BenjecTBa H ero CBOHCTBaMH. o CB«3H >Ke MOKfly CBOHCTBaMH BenjecTBa, ero Haxo>KfleHHeM B npnpofle H npHMe- HeHHeM M05KH0 roBopHTb flOBOJibHO oöocHOBaHHO y>Ke c cepe^HHbi H3yHeHH« Kypca VII Kjıacca H IHHPOKO onnpaTbca Ha MeTOflbi noHCKOBoro xapaKTepa.
JlHTepaTypa:
1. httpร://didaktica.ณ/ 1. https://moluch.ณ/
•yBEEKMCTOHflA HJIMHM-AMAJIHH TAflKnK.OTJIAP’’
MAB3ycnnArw PEcnyEJiMKA 25-Kyn tapmokjiw
HJIMHM MACOQABHM OHJIAMH KOHQEPEHIJMM
MATEPKAJUIAPH
(21-khcm)