Adjective making suffixes in english and uzbek languages

-fold (twofold); -teen (fifteen); -th (fifth); -ty (sixty)

4.	verb-forming suffixes	-ate (appreciate); -er (glimmer); -fy/-ify (specify); -ize (equalize); -ish (establish)
5.	adverb-forming suffixes	-ly (lovely); -ward/-wards (upward); -wise (likewise)

III. Semantically suffixes fall into:

№	Types	meaning	examples
1.	Monosemantic	the suffix –ess (has only one meaning ‘female’)	tigress, tailoress
2.	Polysemantic	the suffix –hood (has two meanings): 1) ‘condition or quality’ 2) ‘collection or group’	falsehood, womanhood brotherhood

IV. According to their generalizing denotational meaning suffixes may fall into several groups. For instance, noun- suffixes fall into those denoting:

№	Tupes	suffixes	Examples
1.	the agent of the action	-er; -ant	Assistant
2.	Appurtenance	-an/-ian; -ese	Victorian, Russian; Chinese
3.	Collectivity	-dom; -ry	kingdom; peasantry
4.	Diminutiveness	-ie; -let; -ling	birdie; cloudlet; wolfling

V. According to their stylistic reference suffixes may be classified into:

№	Meaning	suffixes	examples
1.	those characterized by neutral stylistic value	-able; -er; -ing	agreeable; writer
2.	those having a certain stylistic value	-oid; -tron	asteroid; cyclotron

They occur usually in terms and are bookish.
2.THE ETYMOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SUFFIXES
The most productive suffixes which form adjectives used in English are the following: -able, -al, -an, -ic, -ical, -ive, -ful, -less, -ous, -y. These suffixed change the word class – from verb or noun to adjective. Sometimes there is a spelling change: leaving out the final “s” before –al (politics – political, economics –economical), doubling the consonant (sun – sunny), leaving out the final “e” (create – creative, fame- famous, nature – natural), changing “y” to “i” (industry –industrial).
Suffix -able/-ible is used to form a lot of adjectives from verbs and nouns. The word-building models are v + -able/-ible → Adj: enjoyable, suitable (right/correct for a particular situation) and n + -able/-ible → Adj (only a few adjectives): comfortable, knowledgeable (knows a lot). Quite often this suffix has the meaning “can be done”. For example: reliable – can be relied on or trusted; comprehensible – can be comprehended or understood. Sometimes there is a spelling change: changing “y’ to “i” before the suffix (rely – reliable), changing of consonants (comprehend – comprehensible).
Words ending in -able quite often express the opposite meaning be adding the prefix un-: unreliable, uncomfortable, and unsuitable. Words ending in -ible add the prefix in-: incomprehensible, inflexible.
Suffix –al is added to nouns or adjectives ending in -ic, in the last case it is sometimes considered as suffix –ical (ideology –ideological, philosophy – philosophical). The derivational model is n + -al → Adj.
Suffix - (i) an is added to nouns and the adjectives mostly denote belonging to a place (a country, a city, a region, etc.) or a famous person, a theory, etc. The model is n + -an → Adj: Italian, American, Parisian, Siberian, Shakespearian, Spenserian.
Suffixes -ful and -less
Suffix -ful often means “full of” + the meaning of the noun from which it is derived: careful (full of care), helpful (full of help), useful, beautiful, painful (hurts a lot), thoughtful (kind and always thinks about others). Sometimes the adjectives are derived from verbs: to forget – forgetful, to thank – thankful. . The derivational model is n + -ful → Adj and v + -ful → Adj.
Suffix -less means “without” + the meaning of the base noun: careless, helpless, useless, painless, thoughtless, homeless, jobless. The word-building model is n + -less → Adj. There are some adjectives derived from verbs according to the model v + -less → Adj, they possess passive meaning with negation: countless (not to be counted, uncountable), exhaustless (not to be exhausted, inexhaustible).
You can see suffixes -ful and -less are often used with the same words to form opposites. But it is not always true (for example, they don’t form opposites to adjectives “jobless” or homeless”, “beautiful” or “wonderful”).
Suffix –ic is added to nouns. The model is n + -ic →Adj: hero – heroic, poet – poetic, atom - atomic.
Suffix –ive is added to verbs. The model is v +-ive → Adj: to talk – talkative, to communicate – communicative, to invent – inventive, to attract – attractive.
Suffix –ous is added to nouns. The word-building model is n + -ous → Adj: fame – famous, monotony - monotonous.
Suffix –y is added to nouns. The derivational models are n + -y → Adj: healthy, silky, v + -y → Adj: shaky, catchy, adj + -y → Adj: blacky, stouty.
Some legal terms can be formed with the suffixes which are not very productive: -ese (legalese), -ory (advisory).
The study presents a comparative analysis of the role of suffixes in the English and Uzbek languages. According to B. Farmonov (2017), the etymological origin of the allocated affixes is various. In English language, there are basically affixes that penetrated into the language together with Latin bases, but during development, English language received the ability to join not only Romanic bases but also Germanic origin bases [2, p.26].
Unlike English, the Uzbek language has the specific base structure. Affixes – loans of the Persian – Tadjik origin differently were accustomed in the language [2, p.26]. English is a language, being analytical, poorer elements of morphological word-building, moreover, there are so many producing words consisting of one root, so in English so developed and the semantic ambiguity and its nomination as a base.
The comparative analysis of semantic derivatives English and Uzbek languages will show that the compared languages have certain typological similarities. Isomorphism is manifested in the fundamental similarity of the semantics of general trends characterizing the synchronous organization of vocabulary.
In English, the lexical-semantic word-building takes place on the basis of a wide range of concepts, for example, the concrete substantive concepts in the process of word formation is actively used. There is also a possibility of applying the internal semantic relationship between nouns with concrete concepts and evolving concept. This can be seen as a set of objects and abstract concepts. The difference in the nature and width of the range of lexical-semantic word-building in these two languages arise for two reasons: linguistic and extra linguistic. Internally linguistic reason is the difference in structure type of the two languages.
As is known, the Uzbek language belongs to the Turkic group of languages, English - to German, Uzbek defined as agglutinative analytical, English – both analytical and synthetic. The Uzbek language is part of a large group of Turkic languages and refers to the agglutinative type, as well as Mongolian, Korean, Hungarian, Japanese, Finno-Ugric languages [6, p.75]. This means that each individual is characterized by morphological affix value, and each additional affix has only one value.
There are previous studies related to this research that make only comparison of adjective suffixes or noun suffixes. One of them was conducted by B. Farmanov (2017) under the title “Comparative analysis of adjectival suffixes and prefixes in the English and Uzbek languages” [2, p.26]. Another research was conducted by M. Azimova (2017) under the title “The comparative study of semantic derivation in the English and Uzbek languages” [1].
According to Sapayev, the role of suffixes in Uzbek is to change grammatical meaning of the word and lexical meaning as well [7].
Uzbek language has a developed system of word -derivation and further detailed investigative may give much to understand the deeper processes taking place in the vocabulary of the Uzbek language. The role of suffixation and other means in word-formation of English and Uzbek languages. The Uzbek language has a developed system of word derivation:

№	Types	examples
1.	Suffixation	- chi: suvchi (plumber) , ovchi (hunter); -bon: bog’bon (gardener), sarbon (leader); -dosh: sinfdosh (classmate), qarindosh (relative), kursdosh (coursemate); etc.
2.	Compounds	N + N, Adj + N, N + - ар, Adv + V - ар, Adv + Adj, N + V ap, N + V ган, Adj + Adj, etc.

M. Azimova claimed that the difference in the nature and breadth of the range of lexical-semantic word-building in these two languages arise for two reasons: linguistic and extralinguistic. The Uzbek language belongs to the Turkic group of languages, English - to German, Uzbek defined as agglutinative analytical, English - both analytical and synthetic.
Here are Uzbek adjectival suffixes

№	Suffixes	examples
1.	-mas	Ko’rinmas (unvisible)
2.	-siz	Javobsiz (without answer)
3.	-kina	Jindakkina (a little)
4.	-iydigan	Arziydigan (worthy)
5.	-qan	Qo’rqqan (afraid of)
6.	-li	Vahimali (dangerous)
7.	-roq	Qattiqroq (louder)