-
Check how well you understood the passage by answering the following questions.
1 Which statement best summarizes the author's point of view?
a
Ecotourism is a damaging trend that must be stopped.
b
Ecotourism is the best way for countries to earn tourist dollars.
c
Ecotourism generally benefits ecosystems, even if it causes some damage.
d
Ecotourism will most likely become less popular in the future.
2 Which change has NOT occurred in Costa Rica since the introduction of ecotourism?
a
Thousands of ecotourism-related jobs have been created.
b
New national parks have been created.
c
Monkeys have started feeding on garbage.
d
The number of corruption cases has decreased.
3 What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
a
Places with the rarest animals and plants are the most popular with ecotourists.
b
More countries are getting into ecotourism because it is big business.
c
Ecotourism can cause damage to the environment if conducted in an irresponsible way.
d
Ecotourists
'
should not be allowed to interact with wildlife at all.
4
According to paragraph 4, why is it difficult to control abuses of ec6tourism?
a
Too many sanctuaries are being created.
b
There aren't enough resources and officials may overlook abuses if bribed.
c Not many people are interested in jobs controlling ecotourism abuses.
d
Companies have a lot of power and money to build resorts.
5
In this way; the children of future generations can learn respect for nature.
This sentence is best inserted
at the end of __ _
a
Paragraph 3
b
Paragraph 4
c Paragraph 5
d
Paragraph 6
6
The word
corruption
in line 40 is closest in meaning to __ _
a
illegal activity
b
lack of resources
c
government control
d
management
7
It is easy to be critical of the ecotourism industry
(line 53). What does the writer mean by this?
a
Wildlife is very easy to protect.
b
Businesses will always want to exploit nature.
c People's expectations for ecotourism are too high.
d
Ecotourism can't create enough jobs for local people.
Part 1
57
Review Reading 1: The Globalization of Fashion
I
Fluency Practice
Time yourself as you read through the passage. Write down your time, then answer the
questions on page 61. After answering the questions, correct your responses and write down
your score. Record your performance on the Reading Rate Chart on page 240.
Walk down any shopping street in a big
city and you'll see big names such as
Zara, H&M, Gap, or Nike. A dress bought
from one of these stores will be exactly
5
the same as in another store halfway
around the world. Indeed, fashion is
one of the most globalized industries,
with giant retailers who can create new
designs, send them to be manufactured,
10
and then distributed to stores around the
world-all with the click of a mouse or a simple phone call.
For consumers in developed countries, globalization means an abundance of
choice. This is the era of "fast fashion," where designs can go from the design
board to factories to stores in two weeks. It is also "fast" in the sense that it takes
15
less time for trends to come and
'
go.
Historically, the price of clothes has never
been lower and this, combined with the ever-changing stock, encourages people to
follow the latest fashions ar)d change their wardrobes more frequently.
However, the speed and low price of fashion can come at a cost. For consumers,
it may result in poor quality fabrics and badly-made clothes that fall apart after
20
being worn several times. Then there is a much heavier cost-one that involves the
people who actually make the clothes. Many big multinational companies do not
manufacture their own goods, but sign contracts with manufacturers to produce
them. These manufacturers then source and engage factories in developing
countries for tasks like sewing and cutting. Because poverty is high, these factories
25
can exploit the workers and pay them wages that are as low as 23 cents an hour.
A government investigation into factories manufacturing Zara clothes revealed that
it cost Inditex (the company that owns Zara) about $1.14 to manufacture a pair
of jeans selling at $126. This $1.14 doesn't go straight to the worker who makes
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