5. What Is the Connection between Romanticism and Nature?

The Theme of the present Course paper is Romanticism in American Literature.
The Aim of the work is to describe the Romanticism and studying Romantic period in America.
The following tasks are given this course paper: Difference between American and English Romanticism.
Theoretical value of the work it is that used as a material Romanticism and theoretical information about American Romanticism.
Practical value of the work is that it is used as a material on the lectures of the Romantic period and American literature and home reading.
The structure of the Course paper consists of introduction, main part, four plans, conclusion and bibliography. The first paragraph name is Tommaso Campanella. The second paragraph is about Notable works of Campanella. Third paragraph is about City of the Sun, and last paragraph is about Characteristics of The city of the Sun.
Bibliography consists of books, essays, works and articles and internet sources about Romanticism and American literature.

Romanticism in American Literature
During the early nineteenth century, the European Romantic movement made its way to America. The American Romantics, like the Europeans, had a high level of moral enthusiasm, a dedication to autonomy and the unfolding of the self, a focus on intuitive perception, and the belief that the natural world was fundamentally good while human society was corrupt.
In American politics, philosophy, and art, Romanticism grew fashionable. The movement tapped into both America's revolutionary spirit and the desire to break free from the severe religious customs of the early settlement period. Rationalism and religious intelligence were both rejected by the Romantics. Romanticism was characterized by a passionate response to nature and the promise of a new era in American culture.
The Romantic movement was very popular in America, and it impacted writers like James Fenimore Cooper and Washington Irving. Sermons and manifestos were replaced with novels, short stories, and poems. Romantic literature was intimate and emotional, expressing more emotion than neoclassical writing ever did. The American obsession with liberty inspired many Romantic writers, who reveled in the ability to express themselves and their emotions without fear of scorn or controversy. They also put greater care into the psychological growth of their characters, with the major characters displaying a wide range of emotions. The Romantic Era's works also differed from previous works in that they addressed to a broader audience, mainly due to increased book distribution as costs fell and literacy soared over the period. Female authors and readers flourished during the Romantic period. The first example of Romantic poetry in the United States is William Cullen Bryant's "To a Waterfowl" from 1818. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving were early examples of American Romantic Gothic fiction, followed by James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales from 1823 onwards. Cooper expressed romantic beliefs about the relationship between men and nature in his renowned novel Last of the Mohicans.
Later transcendentalist writers like Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson, as well as Walt Whitman's romantic realism, reveal traces of its influence and imagination. In the 1830s, after meeting major players in the European romantic movement, Emerson, a leading transcendentalist writer, was heavily affected by romanticism. His romantic-influenced writings "Nature" and "Self-Reliance" are among his best-known works. Emily Dickinson's poetry, which was almost unknown in her own time, and Herman Melville's novel Moby-Dick can be considered epitomes of American Romantic literature. However, by the 1880s, psychological and social realism had begun to challenge Romanticism in the fiction.
The Renaissance in America
Many American literary masterpieces were written in the mid-nineteenth century. This period, also referred to as the "American Renaissance," spans the 1820s until the outbreak of the Civil War and is associated with American romanticism and transcendentalism. The American Renaissance was inspired in part by a new focus on humanism as a method to move away from Calvinism, and is often said to have originated in New England.
Transcendentalists supported a more direct awareness of the self and an emphasis on autonomy alongside the religious fervor of the time. The writers and thinkers who supported transcendentalism, as well as those who opposed it, produced a wealth of publications, which became known as the "American Renaissance."
Many writers were influenced by transcendentalism and began to express their beliefs in new stories, poetry, essays, and articles. Transcendentalist ideas were able to pervade American thought and society because to a thriving print culture that allowed magazines and journals to be widely distributed. Ralph Waldo Emerson emerged as the movement's most prominent figure. In 1836, he published "Nature," an essay claiming that humans can find true spirituality in nature rather than in Jacksonian democracy and industrial revolution. Emerson's article "Self-Reliance," written in 1841, encourages readers to think for themselves and reject the mass uniformity and mediocrity that has taken root in American life. Emerson's ideas resonated with a generation of literate adults who were disillusioned with mainstream American life and seeking spiritual fulfillment. Emerson's ideas drew the attention of his friend Henry David Thoreau, who Emerson urged to write about his own thoughts.
American Romanticism began in the mid-1850s, as the United States was beginning to define its own identity within the field of literature. This literary movement is significant in American history since it is regarded as the country's first full-fledged literary movement. This trend saw the development of writers who celebrated the beauty and identity of the United States. Authors such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry David Thoreau, Walt Whitman, and Emily Dickinson published timeless masterpieces throughout the American Renaissance period. The advent of American Romanticism saw the glorification of the common man, much like the Italian Renaissance of the 15th century. Romanticism "was a Renaissance in the sense of a flowering, enthusiasm about human possibilities, and a high esteem for individual ego," according to Ann Woodlief, as a reaction to Puritanism and Calvinism. In other words, as Americans began to journey westward into freshly gained territory, authors began to write about the beauty of the natural scenery, which had remained untouched by man.

Furthermore, American Romanticism was made up of other themes, including the notion of nature and the big unknown, which was presented through stories of the frontier — an uncharted country that promised development, growth, and freedom. Exploring the unknown reawakened a sense of hope, a well-known American concept that everyone can do everything they set their minds to. Other traits included the universe's power and the exploration of how it worked in mysterious and unfathomable ways. As a result, these characteristics were linked to the notion of the unknown. The most important characteristic of American Romanticism, however, was that it was distinct from its European equivalents in that it had its own personal elements. For the first time in history, a movement originating solely in the United States emerged, and the American writer's identity was shaped as a result.