4 semestr 2021-2022 o‘quv yili

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amaliy dars mashg'ulotlari
460

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205 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Government of Australia 
Australia, a federal parliamentary democracy, is an independent self-governing state and a 
member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The constitution of Australia, which became effective 
in 1901, is based on British parliamentary traditions, and includes elements of the United States 
system. The head of state is the British sovereign, and the head of government is the Australian 
prime minister, who is responsible to the Australian parliament. All powers not delegated to the 
federal government are entrusted to the states. Australia is a founding member of the United 
Nations (UN).
Canberra, city, southeastern Australia, the capital of the country, in the Australian Capital 
Territory. Canberra is a modern, rapidly expanding city located on the Molonglo River (a 
tributary of the Murrumbidgee River) in a predominantly agricultural region. It is built around 
the artificially-created Lake Burley Griffin and is the economic center for the nearby 
communities of Woden-Weston Creek, Belconnen, and Queanbeyan. The government is the 
chief employer in Canberra, but tourism and light-manufacturing industries are growing. 
Major landmarks in Canberra include the new Parliament House (opened in 1988); the Church of 
Saint John the Baptist (1840s); Captain Cook Memorial Water Jet, located in Lake Burley 
Griffin; and the Australian War Memorial, which includes a museum and an art gallery. Other 
sites include the National Library (1960); the Australian National Gallery (1982), housing works 
by Australian and other artists; the High Court of Australia building; and the civic center. Major 
educational institutions and academic organizations in the Canberra area are the Australian 
National University (1946), Canberra School of Music (1965), the University of Canberra (1990; 
formerly Canberra College of Advanced Education), the Australian Defence Force Academy 
(1981), the Australian Academy of Science (1954), and the Australian Academy of the 
Humanities (1969). Mount Stromlo Observatory is also here. Canberra serves as the headquarters 
of Australia's largest scientific research body, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial 
Research 
Organization. 
The site of Canberra was settled by Europeans in 1824, and in 1908 the sparsely populated area 
was chosen to be the capital of Australia. The American architect Walter Burley Griffin won an 
international competition for the design of the new city. Construction began in 1913 but was 
interrupted by World War I (1914-1918). Only in 1927 was the national parliament moved here 
from Melbourne, which had been its temporary seat since 1901. Canberra's population grew 
rapidly following World War II (1939-1945). Population (2001) 311,947.