4 semestr 2021-2022 o‘quv yili

Answers: 
 
1. b 
2. b 
3. c 
4. a 
5. d 
6. a 
7. a 
8. c 
9. b 
10. c 
11. d 
12. c 
13. c 
14. d 
15. b 
16. d 
 
 
 
 
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Defining a Compound Sentence 
A compound sentence joins two or more independent clauses with a coordinator such as for, and, 
or but, or a semi-colon. 
Independent clauses are two phrases that can stand alone as a complete thought. They're not 
dependent upon one another to express a complete thought, but they tie together similar ideas. 
This makes compound sentences distinct from 
complex sentences
, which contain an independent 
clause joined by at least one 
dependent clause
. A dependent clause does not form a complete 
thought and cannot stand alone. 
Independent Clause 
An independent clause contains three things: 
1.
A subject (something or someone that the sentence is about) 
2.
An action (a verb - something that is being done) 
3.
A complete thought (there are no questions as to meaning at the end of the sentence) 
Coordinator 
There are seven 
coordinating conjunctions
 in the English Language, which are used to link the 
independent clauses: 

For 

And 

Nor 

But 

Or 

Yet 

So 
You can use the acronym FANBOYS to help you remember the seven coordinating 
conjunctions. When you have two independent clauses joined by one of these coordinators, 
usually a 
comma
 is required, before the coordinator. 
Semi-colon 
Compound sentences and 
semi-colons
 work hand in hand. After all, they both join independent 
clauses. The trick with semi-colons is to use them when the two independent clauses are related 
ideas, as in the example below. 

I'm looking forward to our dinner tonight; you're going to love dining on the water. 
Examples of Compound Sentences 

Alex likes to fish, and he is going fishing on Friday. 
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"Alex likes to fish" is an independent clause where "Alex" is the subject, "likes" is the 
action, and a complete thought is expressed. 
"He is going fishing on Friday" is an independent clause where "He" is the subject, "is 
going" is the action, and a complete thought is expressed. 
The coordinator "and" is used, and a comma is correctly placed before "and." 

Becky wishes she could be younger, for everyone else in the program is half her age. 
"Becky wishes she could be younger" is an independent clause where "Becky" is the subject, 
"wishes" is the action, and a complete thought is expressed. 
"Everyone else in the program is half her age" is an independent clause where "Everyone 
else in the program" is the subject, "is" is the action, and a complete thought is expressed. 
The coordinator "for" is used, and a comma is correctly placed before "for." 

She is going to the movies, or she is going to the mall. 
"She is going to the movies" is an independent clause where "She" is the subject, "is going" 
is the action, and a complete thought is expressed. 
"She is going to the mall" is an independent clause where "She" is the subject, "is going" is 
the action, and a complete thought is expressed. 
The coordinator "or" is used, and a comma is placed before "or." 

I am very smart, yet I do not enjoy school. 
"I am very smart" is an independent clause where "I" is the subject, "am" is the action, and a 
complete thought is expressed. 
"I do not enjoy school" is an independent clause where "I" is the subject, "enjoy" is the 
action, and a complete thought is expressed. 
The coordinator "yet" is used, and a comma is placed before "yet." 
Compound vs. Complex Sentences 
Only independent clauses joined by one of the above coordinating conjunctions can be 
considered a compound sentence. 
If you ever see an independent clause joined by a dependent clause, you're looking at a complex 
sentence. For example: 

When I visit my mother, I eat cookies. 
This is not a compound sentence. "When I visit my mother" is a dependent clause (doesn't 
express a complete thought) and a coordinator is not used. 

I like to fish because fishing is fun. 
This is not a compound sentence. Although "I like to fish" is an independent clause and 
"fishing is fun" is an independent clause, "because" is not a coordinating conjunction. 
Therefore, "because fishing is fun" is a dependent clause (it doesn't express a complete 
thought). 
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Exercises. 
Упражнение 1. Make up compound sentences by using the right coordinating conjunctions in 
brackets. 
1.
His job is very hard, (yet / therefore) his salary is low. 
2.
I’m sorry I opened your handbook, (however / but) I mistook it for mine. 
3.
Alex lost his job a year ago, (however / or) he soon managed to find another one. 
4.
I know she’s hard to deal with, (and / nevertheless) you ought not to be rude to her. 
5.
I’ve been living here for many years, (but / and) I don’t know the place very well. 
6.
Her life is very peaceful,l (or / yet) she is always complaining. 
7.
We haven’t got much in common, (moreover / but) we get on with each other fairly well. 
8.
Тоm is 17 (or / and) he is studying at college. 
9.
The rent is reasonable, (moreover / but) the location is perfect. 
10.
My mum dislikes pets, (nevertheless / and) she bought a puppy for us. 
11.
You can take a horse to water (and / but) you can’t make him drink. 
12.
She was rushing to the office, (therefore / but) she couldn’t talk to me. 
13.
A lot of novels are published every year, (therefore / however) very few of them become 
bestsellers. 
14.
I didn’t talk to the Director (or / but) I talked to the Manager. 
15.
Sam sat down on the bench (but / and) Lucy sat besides him. 
Упражнение 2. Make up complex sentences by using the right subordinating conjunction 
1.