3 Part One. The Predicate

Section II
Mashq 1. Quyidagi xalqaro so'zlarning ma'nolari qanday?

type, component, ethyl alcohol, zinc, metal, palladium, composition, really, contain, specify

Mashq 2. Quyidagi so'zlarning ma'nosini eslaysizmi tekshiring; yo'q bo'lsa, lug'atga qarang

:just as, relationship, list, satisfy, treat, respectively

Text 27 В

Matnni o’qing (o’qish vaqti — 3 daqiqaы).

Types of Solutions
Just as the variables, pressure, volume, and temperature, were used to describe tlic state or condition of pure gases, liquids, and solids, these and certain other variables must be used to describe solutions. First, some statement must be made about what chemically important constituents are present in the solution to be considered. A solution of ethyl alcohol (C₂H₅OH) and water really contains three elements: hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. However, because there is a quantitative relationship (the law of definite composition) between the amounts of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in ethyl alcohol, and a similar relationship between the amounts of hydrogen and oxygen in water, the composition of the solution can be completely described by specifying only the quantities of alcohol and water We used to prepare the solution. The substances used to specify the composition of a solution are known as components. One o f the components, usually the one which is present in greatest quantity, is called the solvent; any other component is called a solute.

There are many possible types of solute-solvent pairs to be listed later. A mixture of two gases satisfies our definition of a solution, but tlic properties of gaseous mixtures are usually treated by Dalton's law and We shall not consider them here. Other types of solutions that are important are:

1) liquid in liquid; 4) liquid in solid;

2) solid in liquid; 5) gas in solid;

3) gas in liquid; 6) solid in solid.
Ex. 12. Answer the following questions:

Of these, the first three are common, and the last three, called solidsolutions, occur less frequently. Mercury dissolved in zinc, hydrogen gas dissolved in palladium metal, and zinc dissolved in copper are examples of solutions in which liquid, gas and solid, respectively, are dissolved in solid. Apart from their mechanical properties, solid solutions do not differ greatly from the solutions of liquids.

Mashq 3. Matnning asosiy tarkibini bir nechta jumlalarda ko’rsating.

Mashq 4. Matndan "boshqa" degan so'zni toping?

Mashq 5. Matndagi quyidagi savollarga javob toping:

1. Moddalarning fizik holatini tavsiflash uchun qanday parametrlardan foydalanilgan? 2. Eritmaning tarkibi qanday aniqlanadi? 3. Eritmaning tarkibiy qismlari qanday tavsiflanadi? 4. Gaz aralashmalarining xususiyatlari haqida nima deyiladi? 5. Qaysi turdagi eritmalar qattiq eritmalar deb tasniflanadi? 6. Qattiq eritmalar va suyuqlik o'rtasidagi farq nima?

Mashq 6. Quyidagi jumlalarni to'ldiring:

1. Pressure, volume, temperature and certain other variables were used...

2. A solution of ethyl alcohol contains... 3. A solvent is... 4. A solute is... 5. The most common types of solutions are... 6. Solid solutions occur...