Volume: 06, 2022
http://sjii.indexedresearch.org
Spanish Journal of Innovation and Integrity
276
Internal differentiation is taking into account the individual characteristics
of students in the
context of organizing the educational process in the classroom in their study group. In this case,
the concept of differentiation is similar to the concept of individualization of learning. With
external differentiation, students are combined into groups according to some individual
characteristics that differ from each other.
Let's look at these signs.
Differentiation according to general abilities.
It is based on the level of learning, the
development of students, individual features of mental development - memory,
thinking,
cognitive activity. The remaining individual characteristics are taken into account in internal
differentiation.
Differentiation according to individual abilities. It is
based on abilities for certain subjects:
humanitarian, exact, historical and other sciences. Children with such abilities are united in a
separate group for teaching them according to a special program.
Multi -level training -
organization of the educational process, where each student has the
opportunity to master the material in certain areas at different levels, but not lower than the basic
one, based on his abilities and individual capabilities of the individual.
The main criterion for
evaluating the student's activity is his efforts to master this material, its creative application.
Throughout the process, there is a system of credits and testing. In the event that the child
improves his results and expresses a desire to move to a higher level group, he will be given such
an opportunity.
The need for a differentiated approach to the educational process
has been confirmed by
practice: it becomes possible to devote more time to lagging behind students, not losing sight of
the “strong”, creating optimal conditions for the development of each and every one in
accordance with their abilities and capabilities, the characteristics of their mental development,
taking into account the characteristics of character.
Technology "Student Portfolio".
The educational process, which is focused on the individual, taking into account his individual
characteristics and abilities, is distinguished by the fact that:
the center of
the process is the student, his cognitive and creative activity;
different from traditional education role of the teacher;
students take responsibility for the success of educational activities;
Development of intellectual and creative abilities of students, moral values - the main goal of
education.
To effectively achieve these goals, the presented didactic system lacks one more component - the
formation of the ability to reflect. Significant is the ability of the student to adequately assess
their actions, knowledge, capabilities. Also, an important condition
is that the student has a
formed scale of values, with which he could compare his own achievements in various fields of
activity. In addition, he must have a complete understanding of the process of activity that
ensures a successful result.
When forming the “Portfolio ", it is necessary to concentrate on the main positions, namely:
independence of thinking of the student;
determination of the time period for the formation of the "Portfolio";
Volume: 06, 2022
http://sjii.indexedresearch.org
Spanish Journal of Innovation and Integrity
277
the presence of the student 's own position in relation to the submitted works;
problem solving process.
Portfolio content.
The "portfolio" consists of class and homework of the student during and semester. It is planned
that students will present their "portfolios" at the conference of parents, in order to demonstrate
the ability to think independently, creatively apply the acquired knowledge, and give them their
own assessment. This is not a simple demonstration of
evidence of your achievements, but an
opportunity to independently analyze your progress and share self-esteem with parents.
Requirements for the design of the "Portfolio" - a printed title page, content, a brief description
and explanation for the reader of each material of the "Portfolio", which indicates the reasons
why it was chosen, how it was evaluated by the teacher and the students themselves, their own
history of success in areas.
The content of the "Portfolio" has the following structure (can be modified at will):
title page: the name of the "Portfolio" itself, the name of the student, the name of the
direction or subject, the period of creation - the
start and end dates, the name of the teacher;
content of the "Portfolio";
a brief history of the student 's success (at least three pages - a kind of analysis of their own
results in the chosen direction: what is easier, what is more difficult, what are the
difficulties);
records, reports, homework;
control work, independent (at least five on different topics);
tests (four different tests on at least three topics) ;
the use of information technology in
the work on projects, program material;
group project;
favorite work with an explanation of the reasons: why this type of work is preferable;
Evaluation by parents or reviewer.
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