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relatives in Israel instead of accepting their fate, the Way of Honour, is nothing more than a
reflection of the cynicism and the rot affecting the whole Jewish (and non-Jewish) world.
Questions of conscience move further and further into background under the influence of the
business, the competition and the unlimited possibilities of the Free World.”
So it’s all quite simple – it was just a mass escape from the harsh Soviet life to the easy
Western one, quite understandable on a human level. But then what about repatriation? And what
is the spiritual superiority of those who dared to leave over those who stayed in the “country of
slaves?” In fighting in those days for emigration Soviet Jews loudly demanded: “Let my people
go!” But that was a truncated quote. The Bible said: “Let my people go, that they may hold a
feast unto me in the wilderness.” (Ex. 5:1) Yet somehow too many of those released went not
into
the desert, but to the abundance of America.
* * *
Can we nonetheless say that in the early years of sudden and successful emigration to
Israel, it was the Zionists’ beliefs and ambitions that acted as the prime stimulus for Jews to
leave? The testimony of various Jewish writers would suggest not.
The Soviet situation of the end of the 1960s was one of
aliyah, not of a Zionist
movement. There were many people psychologically ready to flee the USSR. What can be called
a Zionist movement was entirely subsidiary to this group of people. Those who joined makeshift
centres dedicated to the actual study of Jewish history and culture were mostly characterised by a
complete lack of the careerism so common among the Soviet-Jewish intelligentsia. This was why
they dedicated the entirety of their free time to Jewish affairs. For them the era of the Hebrew
teachers had started even as early as the end of the 1970s, and by the beginning of the 1980s
these Torah teachers were the only ones who still influenced the minds.
The motives of many others who emigrated are explained as follows: “The Soviet
government has placed obstacles in the way of achieving the most important things –
professional advancement,” and so “Jewry is in danger of degradation.” They were driven into
Jewishness, and then into Zionism by their faceless bureaucratic nemesis. Many had never
encountered anti-Semitism or political persecution. What burdened them was the dead end that
their lives as Soviet Jews had become as bearers of a contradiction from which they could free
themselves neither by assimilation nor by their Jewishness. There was a growing sense of
incompatibility and sorrow; dozens and dozens of dolts are dragging you into insignificance are
pushing you to the bottom. So came the longing to escape the Soviet Union. This bright hope,
when a man under the complete control of the Soviet government could in three months become
free was genuinely exhilarating.
Of course, a complex emotional environment developed around the act of departure. A
writer says: the majority of Soviet Jews are “using the same Zionist door. They sadly leave that
familiar, that tolerant Russia” (a slip, but one
that is closer to the truth,
as the author had meant to
say “tolerated by” Jews). Or said thusly: “The vast majority decided to emigrate with their heads,
while their insides,” that is to say concern with being part of a country and its traditions, “were
against.”
No one can judge to what extent this was a majority. But as we’ve seen the mood varied
from the good poetry of Liya Vladimorova:
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