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The Presidium of the first All-Russian CEC of the Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’
Deputies (the first governing Soviet body) consisted of nine men. Among them were the Social
Revolutionaries (SRs) A. Gots and M. Gendelman, the Menshevik, F. Dan, and the member of
Bund, M. Liber. In March at the All-Russian Conference of the Soviets, Gendelman and Steklov
had demanded stricter conditions be imposed on the Czar’s family, which was under house
arrest, and also insisted on the arrest of all crown princes – this is how confident they were in
their power. The prominent Bolshevik, Lev Kamenev, was among the members of that
Presidium. It also included the Georgian, Chkheidze; the Armenian, Saakjan; one Krushinsky,
who was most likely a Pole; and Nikolsky, quite possibly a Russian – quite an impudent ethnic
composition for the governing organ of Russia in such a critical time.
Apart from the CEC of the Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies, there was also the
All-Russian Executive Committee of the Soviet of Peasants’ Deputies, elected in the end of May.
Of its 30 members, there were only three actual peasants – an already habitual sham of the pre-
Bolshevik regime. Of those thirty, D. Pasmanik identified seven Jews: “a sad thing it was,
especially considering Jewish interests”; and “they had become an eyesore to everybody.” Then
this peasant organ put forward a list of its candidates for the future Constituent Assembly. Apart
from Kerensky, the list contained several Jews, such as the boisterous Ilya Rubanovich, who had
just arrived from Paris, the terrorist Abram Gots, and the little-known Gurevich. In the same
article, there was a report on the arrest for desertion of warrant officer M. Golman, the head of
the
Mogilev Guberniya, a Peasant Soviet.
Of course, the actions of the executive committees could not be solely explained by their
ethnic composition – not at all! Many of those personalities irreversibly distanced themselves
from their native communities and had even forgotten the way to their
shtetls. All of them
sincerely believed that because of their talents and revolutionary spirit, they would have no
problem arranging workers’, soldiers’ and peasants’ matters in the best way possible. They
would manage it better simply because of being more educated and smarter than all this clumsy
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