2-Mavzu. Kompyuterlarni tashkil qilishning raqamli mantiqiy asoslari

Ma’lumotlarni beruvchi qurilma manba, qabul qiluvchi esa qabul qiluvchi hisoblanadi. MP har doim beruvchi, TSQ si esa doim bajaruvchidir. PQ ikkalasi ham bo’ladi. Ma’lumotlarni beruvchidan ijrochiga uzatishni yozish operatsiyasi, teskarisi esa – o’qish operatsiyasi bilan tashkil etiladi. MP va PQ lar o’rtasidagi uzatish jarayoni ma’lumotlarni kiritish-chiqarish deb nomlanadi.

Kiritish-chiqarish jarayonlarini bajarishda protsessor yuklanishini minimallashtirish uchun boshqarish funksiyalari bir nechta qurilmalarga taqsimlanadi: protsessor, asosiy kiritish-chiqarish kontrolleri (kanali), PQ kontrolleri va PQ boshqaruv bloki.

Input-output process multilevel formed reach
Figure 4 Functional scheme of organization of data transmission in a computer
Kiritish-chiqarish jarayonini ko’pdarajali tashkil etish
4-rasm. Kompyuterda ma’lumotlarni uzatishni tashkil etishning funksional sxemasi

Input-output procedures

Figure 5. Software input and output
KCq
a ) Directly for
Ready ?
KCq
b ) Obtained cycle with conditional _
Ready ?
KCq
No
Yes
d ) Change with conditional _
No
No
Yes

Kiritish-chiqarish tartiblari

5-rasm. Dasturiy kiritish-chiqarish
KCq
a) To’g’ridan-to’g’ri sinxron PQ uchun
Tayor?
KCq
b) Olingan sikl bilan shartli.
Tayor?
KCq
Yo’q
Ha
d) O’zgartirish bilan shartli.
Yo’q
Yo’q
Ha
Figure 6. I / O in interrupt mode
6-rasm. Uzilish tartibida kiritish-chiqarish
Figure 7. Procedure for direct access to memory
7-rasm. Xotiraga to’g’ridan-to’g’ri murojaat tartibi

P printers , modems and other peripheral devices to the computer standardized interfaces through connects , sometimes them ports deb atashadi .

P printers , modems and other peripheral devices to the computer standardized interfaces through connects , sometimes them ports deb atashadi .